Question

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explain the early social movements and the contribution of karl max​

Answer 1

Answer:

Marx is considered the father of modern sociology and his work in economics laid the foundation for understanding labor and its relation to capital. Know about the contributions of Karl Marx to economics and sociology, as well as his theories regarding capitalism and communism, through his 10 major accomplishments

Answer 2

Although it is now largely forgotten, the dynamics of capitalism played an

extremely important role in many, if not most, of the seminal North-American

studies of social movements written by social scientists during the 1970s. A series

of important studies of movements and revolutions appeared in the United States

in the late 1970s and early 1980s, which had the efffect of radically reorienting

the academic study of movements and political conflict. The fijield moved away

from primarily psychological and social-psychological treatments of political

protest – studies that often cast a very negative light on protest – to more sympa-

thetic analyses that emphasised the importance of resources, power, solidarities,

and opportunities for movements. Movements were no longer viewed as irratio-

nal outbursts, but as eminently rational forms of politics by other means. But all

this is now common wisdom among movement scholars. What has been forgot-

ten is that these same studies tended to emphasise quite strongly the efffects of

capitalism on movements.

Among the more important such studies were Jefffery Paige’s Agrarian

Revolution,2 Michael Schwartz’s Radical Protest and Social Structure,3 Francis

Fox Piven and Richard Cloward’s Poor People’s Movements,4 Charles Tilly’s ‘reso-

lutely pro-Marxian’ From Mobilization to Revolution,5 Theda Skocpol’s States and

Social Revolutions,6 and Doug McAdam’s Political Process and the Development of

Black Insurgency.7 The dynamics of capitalism fijigure prominently in all of these

studies, sometimes constraining and sometimes inciting or enabling collective

action. By capitalism, these authors generally mean a mode of production in

which a class that owns the means of production (capitalists) employs a class

that must sell its labour power in exchange for a wage or salary (workers), and in

which market competition among capitalists leads to a constant reinvestment of

part of the surplus (or profijits) in the production process (that is, capital accumu-

lation). The dynamics of capitalism that these authors emphasise include pro-

cesses directly linked to capital accumulation, especially the proletarianisation

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