Question

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Answer 1

1) It is a traditional political phylisophy or agenda that asserts that a majority of the poppulation is entitled in a certain degree of privacy in the society and has the right to make decissions.

2) One step :-

The democratically elected government addopted a series of majoritarianism measures to establish

sinhala supremacy.

4) The country is Sri Lanka

Hope it's help you ☺☺☺☺☺

Answer 2

1) Majoritarianism refers to the policy of dominance of the majority over the minority sections of society.

2) You have asked only one step but one step may not help you in future so I'm giving you 4 points:

1. In 1956, an Act was passed under which English was replaced as the country’s official language not by the Sinhala and Tamil but by the Sinhala only.
2. The governments followed preferential policies that favoured the Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs.
3. A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism.
4. Denial of citizenship to estate Tamils.

3) Prudential Reason: Power sharing helps in reducing the conflict between various social groups. Hence, power sharing is necessary for maintaining social harmony and peace.  

Moral Reason: The avoiding conflict in society and preventing majority tyranny are considered as prudential reasons for power sharing. Maintaining the spirit of democracy is considered as the moral reason for power sharing.

4) Sri Lanka lost it's peace due to Majoritarianism.

5) The demands of Sri Lankan Tamils were-

1. They want Tamil to be recognized as official language.
2. They want equality of opportunity for securing jobs and education.
3. They demanded for more autonomy to provinces.

By 1980 several political organization were formed demanding an independent Tamil state in northern and eastern part of Sri Lanka. The distrust between the two communities turned into widespread conflict.It soon turned into a civil war.As a result ,thousands of people were killed. Many were forced to leave the country and many lost their livelihood.