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The energy required to produce Fe➡Fe+1 , Fe+1➡Fe+2 , Fe+2➡Fe+3 . Why there is a variation in relative energies of these three steps ?

Answer 1

surface energies determined for three surfaces before relaxation, with increasing number of surface layers, are shown in Figs. 2-4. It can be seen that the values have converged to at least 0.001 J/m 2 by 12 layers. Fig. 5 displays (1 0 0), (1 1 0) and (1 1 1) surface energies predicted by GGA-PW91 and GGA-PBE calcula- tions. The experimental determination of surface energy [21], averaged over all three surface orientations is included as a straight line in this ...

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Answer 2

All iron atoms have 26 protons and 26 electrons. If you take away two or three electrons, you get Fe II or Fe III (which have charges of +2 and +3 respectively). While we could theoretically remove any number of electrons, these two forms of iron are common in nature because the remaining electrons are in particularly stable orbital configurations .