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Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The non cooperation movement was unfold in steps.It should start from the surrender of titles the government awarded and a boycott of civil service,army, Police, Court, legislative council, school and foreign goods
They planned if government used repression,a full civil disobedience campaign would be launched.
In summer Mahatma Gandhi and Shaukat Ali were spreading this movement
This made non cooperation a movement
Question no23
Ans:. Gandhi declared that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians, and had survived only because of this cooperation. If Indians refused to cooperate, British rule in India would have collapsed.
(i) Non-cooperation movement was launched by Gandhi in 1920 and it was unfolded in stages. It began with the surrender of titles that the government awarded, and a boycott of civil services, army, police, courts, schools and foreign goods.
(ii) Various social groups participated in this movement, each with its own specific aspiration. The non-cooperation movement started with the middle class participation in the cities.
(iii) Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges; headmasters and teachers resigned; and lawyers gave up their legal practices.
(iv) Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign clothes burnt in huge bonfires. In many places, merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade.
Question no 24
Ans:.
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✯We need to conserve mineral resources due to the reasons as mentioned below :
(i) Our industry and agriculture depend on mineral deposits and the substances manufactured from them. But the total volume of workable mineral deposits is an insignificant fraction i.e., one per cent of the earth’s crest.
(ii) It took millions of years for the creation and concentration of mineral resources.
(iii) The geological processes of mineral formation is very slow but its consumption is fast. It may result in shortage in near future.
(iv) The mineral resources are finite and non-renewable.
(v) Even rich mineral deposits in a country like India are valuable but short-lived possessions.
✯✯Minerals should be conserved in the ways as mentioned below :
(i) Minerals should be used in a planned and sustainable manner.
(ii) Improved technology needs to be constantly evolved to allow use of low grade are at low cost.
(iii) Recycling of metal using scrap metals should be done.
(iv) Wastage in the mining and processing should be minimized. These steps are necessary because “energy saved is energy produced”.
Question 22
Ans:.
The modern part of Hanoi was struck by Bubonic Plague in 1903 because the large sewers placed in the city became a breeding ground for rats in large no.'s. As these sewers served as a good transport system, the rats began to enter the well-cared-for homes of the French through the sewage pipes.
1. In order to get rid of this problem, a rat hunt was initiated wherein the French hired Vietnamese workers and paid them for each rat they caught. Rats began to be caught in thousands but there seemed no end to it.
2. The Vietnamese cleverly used this opportunity and understood the benefit of collective bargaining. They found innovative ways to profit from the situation.
3. A bounty was paid when a tail was shown as a proof that a rat had been killed. Taking advantage of this situation, those who did the dirty work of entering the sewers got an opportunity to negotiate for a higher bounty. The rat catchers often took to just clipping off the tails and releasing the rats, so that the process could be repeated over and over again. Some people also began raising rats to earn a bounty.
4. None of these attempts were successful in preventing the spread of Plague as the French were forced to scrap the bounty programme.
5. The threat posed by the rats marked the limits of French power and the response of the rat-catchers show the small ways in which colonialism was fought in the day to day life.
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