Heya♥️bIology Darwin✌️
WHAT IS CELL
✔️✔️Briefly Explain the following cell
❗(NUCLEUS, GOLGIBODY, RIBOSOMES, LYSOSOMES, CENTRIOLE, CELL MEMBRANE,
ENDOPLASMIC -RETICULUM)❗
Answers
CELL
THE SMALLEST STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF AN ORGANISM
NUCLEUS
THE CENTRAL AND MOST IMPORTANT PART OF THE OBJECT OR GROUP,THE LARGE MEMBRANE BOUNDED ORGANELLE THAT CONTAIN THE GENETIC MATERIAL
GOLGI BODY
A COMPLEX OF VESICLES AND FOLDED MEMBRANE WITHUN THE CYTOPLASM OF MOST EUKARYOTIC CELLS
RIBOSOMES
A MINUTE PARTICLE CONSISTING OF RNA AND ASSOCIATED PROTEINS FOUND IN LARGE NUMBERS IN THE CYTOPLASM OF THE LIVING CELL
LYSOSOMES
AN ORGANELLE IN THE CYTOPLASM OF EUKARYITIC CELLS CONTAINING DEGRADATIVE ENZYMES ENCLOSED IN A MEMBRANE
CENTRIOLE
EACH OF PAIR OF MINUTE CYLINDRICAL ORGANELLES NEAR THE NUCLEUS OF ANIMAL CELL
CELL MEMBRANE
THE SEMIPERMIABLE MEMBRANE SURROUNDING THE CYTOPLASM OF THE CELL
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULAM
A NETWORK OF MEMBRANOUS TUBULES WITHIN THE CYTOPLASM OF EUKARYOTIC CELL,CONTINOUS WITH THE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
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Cells in simple words are the basic unit of life .
The explanation of the cell organelles are below :-
Nucleus :-
The nucleus has a double layered covering called nuclear membrane which has pores which allow the transfer of material from the inside of nucleus to its outside that is to the cytoplasm . The nucleus contains chromosomes, which are visible as rod-shaped structures only when cell is about to divide . The chromosomes are composed of DNA and protein . Functional segments of DNA are called genes . In a cell which is not dividing the DNA is present as chromatin material which is an entangled mass of thread like structures .Whenever a cell is about to divide the chromatin material get organised into chromosomes .The nuclear plays a very Central role in cellular reproduction.
Golgi Body:-
Golgi body or Golgi Apparatus was described by Camillo Golgi . It consists of a system of membrane bound vesicles arranged approximately parallel to each other in stacks called cisterns.These membranes often have connections between membranes of Endoplasmic Reticulum and therefore constitute another portion of a complex cellular membrane system . The materials that are synthesized in endoplasmic reticulum are packaged and dispatched to various targets inside and outside the cell through Golgi apparatus .It also helps in the storage, modification and Packaging of products in vesicles . Sometimes Complex Sugars are made into simple sugars by Golgi apparatus and also involved in the formation of lysosomes .
Ribosomes :-
Most of the ribosomes are attached to endoplasmic reticulum making it into rough endoplasmic reticulum .It helps in the manufacturing of proteins .
Lysosomes :-
Lysosomes waste disposal system of a cell and helps to cleanthe cell by digesting any foreign material as well as worn-out cell organelles .Foreign materials that enter cell are digested by lysosomes they are able to do so because they contain powerful digestive enzymes that are capable of digesting organic materials .During the disturbance in cellular metabolism lysosomes burst open and enzymes inside it digest the whole cell hence lysosomes are also called as suicidal bags of cells .Structurally lysosomes are membrane bound cell filled with digestive enzymes and are made by rough endoplasmic reticulum .
Centriole :-
These minute cylindrical organelles present in plant cells which help in formation of spindle fibres during cell division .
Cell membrane :-
Cell membrane also known as plasma membrane is the outermost covering of the cell that separates the contents of cell from its external environment . The plasma membrane allows or permits the entry and exit of some materials in and out of the cell and prevents movement of some other materials .It is also called as selectively permeable membrane because it allows some selected materials to pass through them .
Endoplasmic Recticulum :-
The endoplasmic reticulum is the large network of membrane bound tubes and sheets which looks like long tubules around or or vesicles . ER membrane is similar to the plasma membrane . It is of two types smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum .The rough endoplasmic reticulum have ribosomes attached to it .It help in the manufacture of proteins which are sent to various places in the cell depending on need .The smooth endoplasmic reticulum helps in the manufacture of fat molecules, lipids that are important for cell function .