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Give me a report regarding uses of chemical fertilizers effect the soil and underground water .
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Sustainable agriculture is an important global issue. The use of organic fertilizers can enhance crop yield and soil properties while restraining pests and diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of long-term use of chemical and organic fertilizers on tea and rhizosphere soil properties in tea orchards. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high-throughput sequencing technology analyses were used to investigate heavy metals content and bacterial composition in rhizosphere soils. Our results indicated that organic fertilizer treatment significantly decreased Cu, Pb and Cd contents in rhizosphere soil sample. The results also showed that treatment with organic fertilizer significantly decreased the contents of Cd, Pb and As in tea leaves. Furthermore, organic fertilizer significantly increased the amino acids content of tea and the pH of the soil. The use of organic fertilizer significantly increased in the relative abundance of Burkholderiales, Myxococcales, Streptomycetales, Nitrospirales, Ktedonobacterales, Acidobacteriales, Gemmatimonadales, and Solibacterales, and decreased the abundance of Pseudonocardiales, Frankiales, Rhizobiales, and Xanthomonadales. In conclusion, organic fertilizer can help to shape the microbial composition and recruit beneficial bacteria into the rhizosphere of tea, leading to improved tea quality and reduced heavy metals content in rhizosphere soil and tea leaves.
Answer:
Though the chemical fertilizer increases the plant growth and vigour, hence meets the food security of the world, but the plants grown in this way does not develop good plant characters such as, good root system, shoot system, nutritional characters and also will not get time to grow and mature properly. Chemically produced plant will accumulate in the human body, toxic chemicals, which are very dangerous. The deleterious effect of the chemical fertilizers will itself start from the manufacturing of these chemicals, whose products and byproducts are some toxic chemicals or gases like NH4, CO2, CH4etc. which will cause air pollution. And when the wastes from the industries are disposed off untreated into nearby water bodies it will cause water pollution. It also includes the most devastating effect of chemical waste accumulation in the water bodies i.e., the water eutrophication. And when added in soil, its continuous use degrades the soil health and quality hence causing the soil pollution. Therefore, this is high time to realize that this crop production input is depleting our environment and ecosystem. Hence its continuous use without taking any remedial measure to reduce or judicious use will deplete all the natural resources one day and will threaten all the life from the earth. The adverse effect of these synthetic chemicals on human health and environment can only be reduced or eliminated by adopting new agricultural technological practices such as shifting from chemical intensive agriculture which includes the use of organic inputs such as manure, biofertilizers, biopesticides, slow release fertilizer and nanofertilizers etc. which would improve the application efficiency as well as use efficiency of the fertilizers. Opting organic farming will create a healthy natural environment and ecosystem for the present as well as future generation. Keywords: Chemical fertilizers, environment and ecosystem, plant growth and maturity, organic agriculture