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Answers
Q.24.
2. Glycolysis is the process occurring in the cell in which a molecule of glucose is oxidized step by step and 2 molecules of each that is pyruvic acid, NADH2, FADH2, ATP,and water.
Ans 24:- Glycolysis is the metabolic process that serves as the foundation for both aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration. In glycolysis, glucose is converted into pyruvate. Glucose is a six- memebered ring molecule found in the blood and is usually a result of the breakdown of carbohydrates into sugars. Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energyreleased in this process is used to form the high-energy molecules ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).
Ans 26:- The important steps in muscle contraction start with the signal sent by the central nervous system via a motor neuron. Then next step when the neural signal reaches the neuro muscular junction is the release of neuro transmitter (Acetyl choline) which generates an action potential in the sarcolemma. The action potential spreads through the fibres and releases calcium ion into the sacroplasm. The Ca++ ions bind with a submit of troponin on the action filaments and remove the Masking Myosin. The myosin binds with the action to form a cross bridge which pulls the action filaments towards the centre of A1 band. The ‘Z’ line is pulled inwards and this shortens the sacromere which is the contraction of the muscle. The energy required for this purpose is obtained by the hydrolysis of ATP. When a new ATP which binds the cross bridge is broken, the muscle is relaxed followed by the cyclic contraction. The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction states that contraction of a muscle, fibre takes place by the sliding of the thin filament over the thick filament.
