Question

heya ^_^

What are the basis of classification in kingdom animalia ? Explain them .

Answer 1

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Here is your answer.

$\large {\red {\mathbf{ Kingdom \:\: Animalia :}}}$
➡ All animals belong to this kingdom.
➡ Are heterotrophic, eukaryotic and ppjpp multicellular.
➡ They lack cell wall.
➡ They follow definite pattern of growth. Unlike plants, growth in animals in till a fixed age.
➡ Reproduction is by copulation of male and female.

$\large {\red {\mathbf{ Basis\:\: of \:\:Classification :}}}$

$\red{\bold{ Levels \:\:of \:\: organization :}}$
All the members of kingdom Animalia are multicellular but the cellular organization is different.
e.g.
⏩ Cellular level of organisation - In sponges (animals of phylum porifera), cells are arranged as cell aggregates. This is called cellular level of organisation.
⏩ Tissue level of organisations - In coelentrates, the cells performing the same function are arranged into tissues. Hence, the phylum coelentrata forms tissue level of organisation.
⏩ Organ level of organisation - In platyhelminthes and other higher phyla, tissues are grouped together to form organs. These tissues are specialised to form a particular function. This is called as organ system level of organisation.
Now, these organ system in different phyla exhibit differences in pattern of complexities.
e.g. Molluscs have kidney like organs for excretion but an excretory system has a proper kidney. So, the excretory system in animals of phylum Mollusca is incomplete and improper.
Digestive system in Platyhelminthes is incomplete because they have a single opening that serves as both mouth and anus. A complete digestive system has two openings - mouth and anus.
Circulatory system are of two types :
▶ Open type - In open type circulatory system, there is no series of vessels for carrying blood. The blood is pumped by the heart and the cells and tissues are bathed in it.
▶ Closed type - In this type, blood is circulated to organs through a series of vessels. In human, there are three type of blood vessels :
$\red{Arteries}$ for carrying oxygenated blood except $\blue {pulmonary \: artery.}$
$\blue{Veins}$ for carrying deoxygenated blood except $\red {pulmonary \: vein.}$
Capillaries, where exchange of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood takes place.

$\red{\bold{Symmetry:}}$
If a plane divides anything into two equal halves such that one half completely covers the other half. It is called Symmetry.
Animals at the first level are mostly asymmetrical. e.g. Sponges.
⏩ Radial symmetry - When a plane passes through the central axis and divides the animal into equal halves. This is called radial symmetry. e.g. Coelentrates, Echinodermates, etc.
⏩ Bilateral symmetry - When a plane passes through the middle/centre of the body and divide into two identical left and right halves. It is called as bilateral symmetry. e.g. Annelids , arthopods, and animals of other high level phyla.

$\red{\bold{Dipoblastic \:\: and \:\: tripoblastic \:\: organization :}}$
⏩ Dipoblastic animals - In animals, cells are arranged in two embryonic layer. They are known as dipoblastic animals. The external layer is called ectoderm and the internal layer is called as endoderm. e.g. coelentrates.
⏩ Tripoblastic animals - In animals like platyhelminthes, a third layer called mesoderm is present between the ectoderm and endoderm. This layer is not differentiated. These animals are known tripoblastic animals. e.g. platyhelminthes to chordates.

$\red{\bold{Coelom :}}$
Presence or absence of cavity between the gut wall and the body wall are very important characteristics in classification. Coelom is body cavity which is lined up by mesoderm, the middle layer.
⏩ Coelomates - Those animals which possess coelom are called coelomates. All higher level animals including us are coelomates. e.g. animals of phyla annelida, mollusca, arthropoda, echinodermata, protochordata (hemichordata), and chordata.
⏩ Pseudocoelomates - (Pseudo-false; coelom-cavity) Animals in which body cavity is not lined up by mesoderm. Instead of it, mesoderm is present in pouches that are scattered between the internal and external layer, i.e., ectoderm and endoderm.
e.g. Aschelminthes or Nematoda.
⏩ Acoelomates - Animals in which body cavity is not present are called acoelomates. e.g. sponges, ctenophores, coelentrates, platyhelminthes.

$\red{\bold{Segmentation :}}$
In animals like earthworm, the body is eternally and internally divided into segments. These segments are present in at least some organs with serial repetitions. It is first observed in phylum Annelida.

$\red{\bold{Notochord :}}$
Notochord is a rod like structure that is formed on the dorsal side in some animals. Animals in which notochord is present are called chordates or vertebrates and those in which notochord is absent are called non chordates or invertebrates. All animals except hemichordates and chordates are non chordates. e.g. animals of phylum porifera to echinodermata.

Hope It Helps

Answer 2

$\huge\textbf{Animalia kingdom}$

$\textbf{1) Porifera :}$

It has cellular level of organization.

Those who are in cylindrical shape have radial symmetry and others are asymmetrical.

They are Diploblastic animals.

They respire through body surface by diffusion.

Ex :- Sponges, Spongilla etc.
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$\textbf{2) Coelentrata or Cindria}$

They have organ or organ system level of organization.

They are Radially symmetry.

They are Diploblastic animals.

They respire through body surface by diffusion.

Ex :- Sea-pan, Sea-fan etc.
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$\textbf{3) Ctenophora :}$

They have tissue level of organization system.

That have Radial Symmetry.

They are Biradial.

They respire through body surface.

Ex :- Ctenoplana.
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$\textbf{4) Platyhelminthes :}$

They have organ system level of organization.

They have Bilateral Symmetry.

They are Triploblastic animals.

Respiration occurs by body surface by diffusion.

Ex :- Tape worm, Liver fluke etc.
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$\textbf{5) Aschelminthes :}$

They have organ system level of organization.

They have Bilateral Symmetry.

They are Triploblastic animals.

Respiration occurs through body surface by diffusion.

Ex :- Ascaris, Hookworm etc.
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$\textbf{6) Annelida :}$

They have organ level of organization system.

They have Bilateral Symmetry.

They are Triploblastic animals.

They respire through skin.

Ex :- Earthworm, Leeches etc.
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$\textbf{7) Arthropoda :}$

They have organ level of organization system.

They have Bilateral Symmetry.

They are Triploblastic animals.

Respiration may occurs through body surface, trachea and gills.

Ex :- Crabs, Prawns etc.
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$\textbf{8) Mollusca :}$

They have organ level of organization system.

They are Bilateral Symmetry.

That are Triploblastic animals.

Respire through gills.

Ex :- Cuttlefish, Snails etc.
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$\textbf{9) Echinodermata :}$

They have organ system level of organization system.

That have Radial Symmetry in adults and Bilateral Symmetry in larval stage.

Respiration through gills.

Ex :- Brittle star, Star dollar etc.
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$\textbf{10) Hemichordata :}$

They have organ system level of organization system.

They have Bilateral Symmetry.

They are Triploblastic animals.

Respire through gills.

Ex :- Balanoglossus, Saccoglossus etc.
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$\textbf{11) Chordata :}$

That have tissue level of organization system.

That have Bilateral Symmetry.

That are Triploblastic animals.

Respiration may occurs through body surface, trachea, gills and lungs.

Ex :- Tadpole, Fishes etc.
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