Heyaa !!!
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need help ..
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plz answer the following question as fast as u can becoz it's urgent .
1. Write a short note on mongols by using following points :-
a. Who were mongols .
b.origin of mongols .
c.leader of mongols .
d.their empire and administration .
e.there lifestyle .
2. Write a short note on nomads and itinerants by using following points :-
a.who were nomads and itinerants .
b. Their occupation .
c.mode of transaction .
d. how and who we are helping Mughal rulers .
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:-) :-) Thnx :-) :-)
:-) :-) Be happy :-) :-)
Answers
Q1
(A) The Mongols were one of the many tribes within eastern-central Asia. They banded together under the rule of Temujin, more commonly known as Ghengis Khan, the first Khagan of the Mongol empire. Ghenghis united all the nomadic tribes of Mongolia under his rule and founded the Mongol Empire.
(B)The Mongols were a nomadic tribe to the north of China. They shared the mountainous areas between China and Siberia with many other such tribes, many of them Turkic. When Ghengis Khan united them as a powerful nation with a mighty army of mounted archers they were irresistible for all but might walled cities.
(C)Mongol leader Genghis Khan (1162-1227) rose from humble beginnings to establish the largest land empire in history. After uniting the nomadic tribes of the Mongolian plateau, he conquered huge chunks of central Asia and China.)
(D)Möngke’s rule established some of the most consistent monetary and administrative policies since Genghis Khan. In the mercantile department he:
Forbade extravagant spending and limited gifts to the princes.
Made merchants subject to taxes.
Prohibited the demanding of goods and services from civilian populations by merchants.
Punished the unauthorized plundering of civilians by generals and princes (including his own son).
In 1253, Möngke established the Department of Monetary Affairs to control the issuance of paper money. This new department contributed to better econimic stability including:
Limiting the overissue of currency, which had been a problem since Ögedei’s reign.
Standardizing a system of measurement based on the silver ingot.
Paying out all debts drawn by high-rank Mongol elites to important foreign and local merchants.
Möngke recognized that if he did not meet his predecessor’s, Güyük’s, financial obligations, it would make merchants reluctant to continue business with the Mongols. Like many other rules around the world at this time, his hope was to take advantage of the budding commercial revolution in Europe and the Middle East. Ata-Malik Juvaini, a 13th-century Persian historian, commented on the virtue of this move, saying, “And from what book of history has it been read or heard…that a king paid the debt of another king? ”
The Mongol Empire’s administration followed a trend that was occurring in the Western Europe, in which kings and emperors were finding efficient ways to manage their administrative and legals systems and fund crusades, conquests, and wars. From 1252–1259, Möngke conducted a census of the Mongol Empire including Iran, Afghanistan, Georgia, Armenia, Russia, Central Asia and North China. The new census counted not only households but also the number of men aged 15–60 and the number of fields, livestock, vineyards, and orchards.
Möngke also tried to create a fixed poll tax collected by imperial agents, which could be forwarded to the needy units. He taxed the wealthiest people most severely. But the census and taxation sparked popular riots and resistance in the western districts and in the more independent regions under the Mongol umbrella. These rebellions were ultimately put down, and Möngke would continue to rule.