Hi all , can anyone make for me Jam on biodiversity please
Answers
The word ‘biodiversity’ is a combination of two words: biological and diversity. It refers to the variety of life on Earth and encompasses all the living things that exist in a certain area, in the air, on land or in water: plants, animals, microorganisms, fungi.
The area considered may be as small as your backyard compost heap or as big as our whole planet. Animals and plants don’t exist in isolation. All living things are connected to other living things and to their non-living environment (earth forms, rocks and rivers). If one tiny species in an ecosystem becomes extinct, we may not notice, or think it’s important. But the biodiversity of that ecosystem will be altered, and all the ecosystems that the species belonged to will be affected.
Biological diversity therefore refers to the variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur. Diversity can be defined as the number of different items and their relative frequency.
For biological diversity, these items are organized at many levels, ranging from complete ecosystems to the chemical structures that are the molecular basis of heredity. Thus, the term encompasses different ecosystems, species, genes, and their relative abundance.
Biological diversity is defined as the variability among living organisms from all sources including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.
There is crop biodiversity, agri-horticultural biodiversity, herbal biodiversity, forest biodiversity all occurring at molecular, micro, and macro levels, a synergistic understanding alone will make us realize about the economic value of biodiversity resources.
There are three aspects to biodiversity: species diversity, genetic diversity and ecosystem/habitat diversity.
All three interact and change over time and from place to place:
Habitat Diversity:
Life exists in soil, air, water and other such habitats and biotic communities are controlled by the environmental variables. Ecosystems include not only the plants, animals and microbes that co-exists at a place but also the ways in which they interact with each other and adopt to their physical environment. For example the river Ganges includes the fish, aquatic insects, mussels and variety of plants that have adapted.
Habitat Diversity is the aggregate of different environment types in a region. For example, a country on the coast could have a diversity of ecosystems from sandy beaches with salt water adapted biodiversity, to lush rain forests and dry deserts, each with a unique set of species. Living organisms and physical environment interact with each other in an ecosystem.
Species Diversity:
Biodiversity is the sum of the variety of all living organisms at the species level. It includes earth’s plants, animals, fungi and microbes. Around 1.5 millions species of living organisms are named. There is a hidden wealth of 10 to 100 million more living organisms which have to be estimated. Species diversity is a function of both species richness and evenness. It measures the number of species in a given community and also distribution of each species within the community.
Genetic Diversity:
Tremendous amount of genetic diversity exists within individual species. This genetic variability is responsible for the different characters in species. Such species adopt to different environments. Genetic diversity is the raw material from which new species arise through evolution. Genetic diversity refers to the variation at the level of individual genes besides providing a mechanism.
For ecological adaptation, more the variation, better the chances that at least some of the individuals will have an allelic variant that is suited for new environment. Such process will produce offspring with the variant that will in turn reproduce and continue the population into subsequent generations.
Genetic diversity can be assessed at three levels:
(a) Diversity within breeding populations.
(b) Diversity between breeding populations.
(c) Diversity within species.
Genetic diversity also refers to the variation of genes within species or variation in the genetic composition of individuals within or among species, varieties or breeds.
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