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Q. Write a short note on Lord Curzon.
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Lord Curzon occupies a high place among the rulers of British India like Lord Wellesley and Lord Dalhousie. He was a thorough imperialist. In order to make the administration efficient, Lord Curzon overhauled the entire administrative machinery. His internal administration may be studied under the following heads.
Curzon had a passion for preserving the ancient monuments of historical importance in India. No Viceroy in India before or after him took such a keen interest in archaeological objects. He passed a law called the Ancient Monuments Act, 1904 which made it obligatory on the part of the government and local authorities to preserve the monuments of archaeological importance and their destruction an offence.
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George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston (11 January 1859 – 20 March 1925) was known commonly as Lord Curzon, was a British statesman who served as Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905.
He is well remembered in Indian history for his controversial decision to partition Bengal into two provinces.
Early Life of Lord Curzon
Curzon was the eldest son of the 4th Baron Scarsdale, rector of Kedleston, Derbyshire. He was educated at Eton, where he proved to be an emotional and combative student who clashed with his tutors but had a knack for assimilating content in books and flair for debates.
He would later go to Oxford where he was elected president of the Oxford Union in 1880 and made a fellow of All Souls College in 1883. He had a gift for making friends in high places, and this was apt to be resented by his contemporaries.
Curzon became Assistant Private Secretary to Salisbury in 1885, and in 1886 entered Parliament as Member for Southport in south-west Lancashire.
Subsequent performances in the Commons, often dealing with Ireland or reform of the House of Lords (which he supported), received similar verdicts. He was Under-Secretary of State for India in 1891–92 and Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in 1895–98.
Viceroy of India
n January 1899 he was appointed Viceroy of India. He has created a Peer of Ireland as Baron Curzon of Kedleston, in the County of Derby, on his appointment. This peerage was created in the Peerage of Ireland (the last so created) so that he would be free, until his father’s death, to re-enter the House of Commons on his return to Britain.
Within India, Curzon appointed a number of commissions to inquire into education, irrigation, police and other branches of administration, on whose reports legislation was based during his second term of office as viceroy. Reappointed Governor-General in August 1904, he presided over the 1905 partition of Bengal.
But officially, Curzon mentioned that Bengal was a large state and that due to its large size, administrative manageability cannot be enforced properly. But in reality, it was the rising tide of nationalism in Bengal which was affecting various other parts of India, and thus, Curzon wanted to create a local crisis so that the feeling of nationalism would subside easily. Curzon had a brief conversation with the British Home Minister, Risley, who observed, “Bengal united is a power; Bengal divided will pull in several different directions”. This statement was very strong and important as it reflects the design of the British policy of divide and rule, and it also reflects Curzon’s motive.
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