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I am Anahita Sharma. please help me out with this question.
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HERE IS MY QUESTION
HOW IS IDL USEFUL??
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Answers
Answer:
Interaction Between APOE Genotype, Smoking, and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is an intermediate-density lipoprotein that is responsible for forming and exporting a stabilized triacylglycerol and cholesterol lipid core from the liver into the blood for transport to fatty acid–utilizing tissues. Genetic variation in the common apoE isoforms E2, E3, and E4 affects plasma lipid levels, and apoE was one of the first genetic polymorphisms considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and therefore the risk of CHD.
A number of population-based studies have attempted to assess the impact of the APOE genotype, smoking, and CHD risk: the Northwick Park Heart Study, the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study, which will be briefly reviewed. Smoking is a well-established environmental risk factor for CAD, and therefore there has been significant investigation as to whether there is an interaction between smoking, the APOE genotype, and CAD.
The prospective second Northwick Park Heart Study enrolled 3052 men aged 50–61 years who were free of any history of ischemic heart disease. Participants were divided into smokers, ex-smokers, and lifelong nonsmokers. Smoking habit was established by a questionnaire at baseline and at annual follow-up review. APOE genotype was established using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Over the follow-up period, an ex-smoker was 1.34 times more likely and a smoker 1.94 times more likely to develop CAD (fatal CHD, nonfatal MI, and coronary artery surgery and silent MI) compared to nonsmokers, respectively. In never-smokers, risk was roughly the same irrespective of genotype. When stratified according to the apoE allele, smokers who were carriers of the E4 allele had a significantly increased risk of CAD compared with the nonsmoking group [13]. It should be noted that these findings remained significant when adjustment for lipid variables was made. These findings provide strong evidence for the context dependency of APOE genotype risk, that is, the phenotypic outcome depends not just upon the genotype but also upon the environmental context (smoking) to which a given genotype (in this case, isoforms of the APOE genotype) is expose
Explanation:
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Answer:
Explanation:IDL (interface definition language) is a generic term for a language that lets a program or object written in one language communicate with another program written in an unknown language. In distributed object technology, it's important that new objects be able to be sent to any platform environment and discover how to run in that environment. An Object Request Broker ( ORB ) is an example of a program that would use an interface definition language to "broker" communication between one object program and another one.