Hi Everyone!!! please tell me the answer of these questions as I need to revise them for tomorrow's test I will report the irrelevant answers but I will mark them as brainliest who will answer this question I need the answer of all five questions
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1) Iltutmish made many administrative reforms. He organised a group of 40 Turkish nobles known as chaliha. He divided his empire into many iqtas (provinces, states). He introduced silver coins (tanka), copper coins (jital).
2.Ghiyas ud Din was the wazir of the last Shamsi sultan, Nasiruddin Mahmud. He reduced the power of the treacherous nobility and heightened the stature of the sultan. Despite having only few military achievements, he was the most powerful ruler of the sultanate between Shamsuddin Iltutmish and Alauddin Khalji.
His original name was Baha Ud Din. He was an Ilbari Turk. When he was young he was captured by the Mongols, taken to Ghazni and sold to Khawaja Jamal ud-din of Basra, a Sufi. The latter then brought him to Delhi in 1232 along with other slaves, and all of them were purchased by Iltutmish.
3.Alauddin Khilji introduced the market regulations to help soldiers and to make ends meet. Prices of all articles of common use were fixed. Separate department and special officers were appointed to regulate the market. The price fixed in the capital was applicable to all towns.
4.Three welfare policies of Firoz Shah Tughlaq were
He established a charity department which looked into the welfare of widows, orphans and needy children.
He set up an employment bureau to provide job opportunities to unemployed people.
He built rest houses for travellers and hospitals which provided free medical services to the poor and needy.
Two economic policies of Firoz Shah Tughlaq were
The farmers in the Doab region did not have to repay the state loans taken by them during the famine. He also reduced land revenues.
He built various canals, tanks and dug wells. These measures helped in the improvement of agricultural production.
5.Muhammad bin Tughluq tried to bring about many reforms but most of his plans failed because he was not practical in his thinking. Some of his plans or experiments that failed are given below:
1. Taxation in Doab (A.D 1326):
Doab is the fertile land between the rivers Ganga and Yamuna. Ghiyas-ud-din had reduced the land revenue to one-tenth, but Mohammed tried to raise the revenue once again.
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Unfortunately, that very year the rains failed and the region came under the grip of famine. The farmers therefore could not pay the taxes. Many of the farmers were caught and punished while others left their lands and ran off to the jungles to escape the tyranny of the Sultan’s officers. When Mohammed realized this, he ordered his officers to spare the farmers and sanctioned financial help to them. But it was too late as the families of many farmers had already died of starvation and lands had also become barren.
2. Transfer of Capital (A.D 1326-1327):
In A.D 1326, the Sultan decided to shift his capital to Devagiri (renamed Daulatabad), because he felt, that Daulatabad was more centrally located than Delhi. Since the Empire included many portions of the Deccan, he thought it would be easier to control the southern territories.
The plan as such was not faulty because Daulatabad was equidistant from from other parts of the country. But his folly lay in the manner he set about to execute his plan. Instead of shifting only his government, he ordered the entire population of Delhi to move to Daulatabad. Roads were built and food and shelter provide to all. But the people of Delhi were not happy and they looked upon this as an exile. Many people died on the way .Once the Sultan settled in Daulatabad, the Mongols began to renew their raids. The Sultan now realized his folly and ordered the capital to be shifted back to Delhi.
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3. Token Currency (A.D. 1330):
The failure of the earlier plans of Muhammad bin Tughluq caused a great loss to the treasury. Being badly in need of money, he tried another novel experiment. This was the introduction of token (copper) currency. He ordered that the copper coins should be considered equal in value to the gold and silver ones. This experiment also failed because every
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