Hi....
what are the physicographical features of India??
Explain each of them briefly....
Answers
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The Relief features of India are :
》 Great Himalayas
》 Indo - Gangetic plain
》 Peninsular plateau
》Eastern and western ghats
》The Coastal plains
》Great Indian Desert
》Island groups
● HIMALAYAS :
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The mountains located in the north of India are non other than Great Himalayas. These mountains are called so because they are covered with full of Ice. These ranges run in the west - east direction of distance about 2400 kilometres. These Himalayas are separated with deep valleys between them.
The Himalayas are divided into three categories. They are :
》 Greater Himalayas / Himadri
》 Lesser Himalayas
》 Shivaliks
● Greater Himalayas : The highest mountains in Himalayas are called as Greater Himalayas or Himadri. These are of height about 4500+ mts above the sea level. These are composed of Snow and ice. These are highest mountains ever. Mount K2 is located in Greater Himalayas.
● Lesser Himalayas : The Lesser Himalayas are located in the south of Greater Himalayas. These have rugged relief. These are of height from 3500 - 4500 mts. The lesser Himalayas are consist of famous valley of Kashmir etc. The pripanjal and Mahabharata ranges are important ranges of this region.
● Shivaliks : These are the smallest mountains of height about 500 - 1000 mts. These are the south most mountains in the Himalayas. These are composed with hard rocks and gravel etc.
■ Indo - Gangetic plain :
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The formation of Indo - Gangetic plains is by the three largest Himalayan rivers Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra and their tributaries.
The Indo - Gangetic plains are of three parts. They are :
1) Western part : The western part was formed by the Indus and it's tributaries. Most of the Indus basin is located in Pakistan and small portion in Punjab and Haryana.
2) Central part : The central part is formed by the river Ganga and it's tributaries. This part mainly spreaded in Central India of states UP, Bihar , Haryana etc
3) Eastern part : The eastern part was formed by the Brahmaputra river. This is mostly in Assam and spreaded into Bangladesh.
■ Peninsular plateau :
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Peninsular plateau is also called as Deccan plateau. This plateau is surrounded by various landmass especially North with Mahadev hills, Maikal ranges in East and western and eastern ghats and south with Niligiri hills. The rivers in deccan plateau are rain fed. The main rivers in Deccan plateau are Godavari, krishna, etc. The Deccan plateau is mainly composed with hard igneous rocks and crystalline.
■ Eastern and Western ghats :
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The western and eastern ghats lie parallel to western and Eastern Coasts. The western ghats are higher than the eatern ghats. The eastern ghats are continous. The highest mountain in Western ghats is Anaimudi. The western ghats join Niligiri hills near Gudaloor. The famous hillstation ooty is situated here. The highest mountain in Aromakonda.
■ The Coastal plains :
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● Western Coastal plains : The western Coastal plains starts from Rann of Kutch and ends at Kanyakumari. This is divided into three parts :
》 Konkan Coast - This is north part touches Goa and Maharashtra
》 Canara coast - This is middle part touches Karnataka
》 Malabar coast - This is southern part, touches Kerala.
● Eastern Coastal plains : The Eastern Coastal plains starts from Mahanadi valley and ends in Niligiri hills. These are divided into three parts :
》 Utkal Coast : This is the northern part touches West Bengal and Odisha.
》Circar Coast : This is the Cental part touches Andhrapradesh.
》Coromandel coast : This is the southern most part touches Tamil nadu.
■ Great Indian Desert / Thar Desert :
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The Thar desert extends in Western Rajasthan and remaining in Pakistan. The only river in Thar desert is Luni river.The climate of Thar desert is Arid climate. The Indira Gandhi canal runs through this desert. The Thar desert doesn't support any agriculture.
■ Island Groups :
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India has two island groups they are Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
● Lakshadweep Island : These are coral orgin. These Islands are famous for great variety of flora and fauna. These extends upto 32 kilometers.
● Andaman and Nicobar Islands : These are the islands formed from the mount Arkan yoma which runs from Myanmar in to the Bay of Bengal. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are also orgin of Volcanic eruptions. The southern most point of India, Indira point is located in this islands.
HOPE THIS HELPS U....
Here is ur answer:
The physical features of India can be divided into six broad categories according to their physiographic forms:
Himalayan Mountains
The northernmost landscape of the country highlights the fold mountains of the Himalayas. Though geologically young, the Himalayan Mountains are the loftiest and the most rugged of the world. Since they stretch across 2500 KM from Kashmir in the north, through Arunachal Pradesh in the North East, these mountains form an arc. This helps keep the cold arctic winds from reaching the tropical landmass.
One of the most significant of all the physical features of India, the Himalayas vary in width between 400 Km to 150 KM. Furthermore, the entire mountain belt is divided into three main sections-
The Greater Himalayas or the Himadri, with average peaks reaching up to 6000 meters above the sea-level.
The Lesser Himalayas with average peaks rising as high as 4000 meters
The Outer Himalayas or the Shiwalik Range
The Eastern Hills or the Purvanchal covering North Bengal, and northernmost parts of the North Eastern states.
See more interesting facts about Himalayas here.
Northern Plains
The three major river systems of India- Indus, Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries have fed the foothills of the Himalayas. Since these river basins had a huge amount of alluvial deposits from these glacial rivers, these regions grew fertile over hundreds of years and led to the Northern Plains. Furthermore, the Northern Plains can again be divided into three significant parts-
The Punjab Plains- The Indus River and its tributaries lead to the formation of these vast plains, a major part of which now lies in Pakistan
The Ganga Plains- This spreads across the states of North India, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Delhi and West Bengal.
The Brahmaputra Plains- This covers major parts of Assam and the other North Eastern States
Peninsular Plateau
The oldest landmass of India, the Peninsular Plateau was the result of the tectonic shifts of the Gondwana Land. This massive plateau area is further divided as-
The Central Highlands – lying on the north of the Narmada River and covering a large part of the Malwa Plateau.
The Deccan Plateau- a triangular landmass lying on the south of the Narmada River. The Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats border the Deccan plateau on its eastern and western sides respectively. While the Satpura mountain ranges stand on its northern part, the Western Ghats have higher elevation with a maximum height of 1600 meters. On the other hand, the Eastern Ghats reach to a maximum of 600 meters in height.
Read more about Peninsular Rivers here.
Indian Desert
The undulating sandy plains covered with sand dunes on the western fringes of the Aravali Hills comprise the Indian Desert. With rainfall as low as 150 mm per annum, this region is the aridest in the country and thus, low on greenery. The states of Rajasthan and northwestern parts of Gujarat collectively form the desert region.
Coastal Plains
Right on the outer edges of the Indian peninsula, lies the narrow strips of the coastal plains. These sea fed regions cover the shores of the Bay of Bengal in the East and the Arabian Sea on the West. The western coast along the Arabian Sea can again be divided into three sections-
The Konkan Coast- covering coastal Maharashtra and Goa
The Kannada Plains- covering coasts of Karnataka
The Malabar Coast- covering Kerala
On the other hand, the Eastern coast has two broad sections-
The Northern Circar
The Coromandel Coast
Islands
Two groups of islands lie on the two oceans surrounding the main landmass of the subcontinent. These most likely complete the physical features of India. And, the island region is divided by the mainland as well as the seas. Thus forming two major island states-
The Lakshadweep, which lies closer to the Malabar Coast. And, these consist of clusters of coral islands collectively named Lakshadweep.
The Andaman & Nicobar Islands which are off the Bay of Bengal and lie on the Indian Ocean. These group of islands are larger in size than their western counterparts and have rich biodiversity. Because the Andaman & Nicobar islands are closer to the equator, the region also experiences equatorial climate.
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