Question

Highlight any three circumstances that led to the interrningling of the hearing culture
and the reading culture.
OR
Describe any three special features of novels written by the Malayalam writers Vaikkom Muhammad

CBSE Class X Social Science SA ( 3 marks)

Answer 1

(i) The rate of literacy was very low in Europe till the end of the 20th century. In order to attract people towards books, the printers started printing popular ballads and folk tales with lot of illustration.
(ii) Such books were recited at gatherings and it attracted listeners.
(iii) Thus the oral culture was printed and printed material was orally transmitted. That’s how oral and reading culture intermingled.
OR
(i) Vaikkom Muhammad Bashir, a noted Malayalam novelist represented the under-privileged class.
(ii) He had little education and most of his writing was based on rich personal experience.
(iii) His novels and short stories were written in ordinary language with humour
(iv) He wrote about Muslim households in great details and touched upon unconventional topics like poverty, insanity and life in prison.

Answer 2

Highlight any three.........

Answer :-

1.With the printing press, a new reading public emerged. Printing reduced the cost of books. Access to books created new culture of reading. Earlier reading was restricted to elite.

2.Common people lived in a world of oral culture. They heard sacred texts read out, ballads recited and folk tales narrated. Knowledge was transferred orally.

3.Printers began publishing popular ballads and folktales , illustrated with pictures. These were sung and recited at gathering. Oral culture thus entered print and printed material was orally transmitted.

4.The line that separated oral and reading cultures diminished and the hearing and reading public intermingled.

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