highlight the important features of different cropping pattern in india? 5 marks
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Cropping pattern in India
It can be defined as the proportion of area under various crops at a point of time. In other words, it is a yearly sequence and spatial arrangement of sowing and fallow on a given area. In India, the cropping pattern determined by rainfall, climate, temperature, soil type and technology.
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Cropping Patterns and Cropping Systems in India
The Farmers chose the crops for the cultivation on the basis of the factors like Physical, Social and Economic. Sometimes they cultivate a number of crops at their farms and rotate a particular crop combination over a period. But it is noteworthy that the best farming practices always followed by certain cropping patterns as well as cropping system for raising their productivity and also for maintaining the fertility of soil.
Cropping pattern in India
Cropping pattern is a dynamic concept because it changes over space and time. It can be defined as the proportion of area under various crops at a point of time. In other words, it is a yearly sequence and spatial arrangement of sowing and fallow on a given area. In India, the cropping pattern determined by rainfall, climate, temperature, soil type and technology.
The cropping patterns in India can be presented by taking the major crops into consideration as the base crop and all other possible alternative crops. It is very important to identify crops and their showing agro-climatic condition so that they can be categorized. For example, wheat, barley and oats, are taken as one category.
Food Grains and their required agro-climatic condition
Food Grains
Agro-Climatic Condition
Rice
Temperature: 22 -32 degree Celsius
Rainfall: 150-300 cm
Soil Type: Deep clayey and loamy soil
Wheat
Temperature: 10-15 degree Celsius (Sowing time)
Temperature: 21-26 degree Celsius (Ripening & Harvesting)
Rainfall: 75-100 cm
Soil Type: Well-drained fertile loamy and clayey loamy
Millets
Temperature: 27-32 degree Celsius
Rainfall: 50-100 cm
Soil Type: They are less sensitive to soil deficiencies. They can be grown in inferior alluvial or loamy soil
Grams
Temperature: 20-25 degree Celsius (Mild cool & Dry Climate)
Rainfall: 40-45 cm
Soil Type: Loamy Soil
Sugar Cane
Temperature: 21-27 degree Celsius
Rainfall: 75-150 cm
Soil Type: Deep rich loamy soil
Cotton
Temperature: 21-30 degree Celsius
Rainfall: 50-100 cm
Soil Type: Black soil of Deccan and Malwa Plateau. However, it also grows well in alluvial soils of the Sutluj-Ganga plain and red and laterite soils of the peninsular region
Oilseeds
Temperature: 20-30 degree Celsius
Rainfall: 50-75 cm
Soil Type: Well drained light sandy loams, red, yellow and black soils are well suited for its cultivation.
Tea
Temperature: 20-30 degree Celsius
Rainfall: 150-300 cm
Soil Type: Well drained, deep friable loamy soil.
Coffee
Temperature: 15-28 degree Celsius
Rainfall: 150-250 cm
Soil Type: Well drained, deep friable loamy soil.
The Farmers chose the crops for the cultivation on the basis of the factors like Physical, Social and Economic. Sometimes they cultivate a number of crops at their farms and rotate a particular crop combination over a period. But it is noteworthy that the best farming practices always followed by certain cropping patterns as well as cropping system for raising their productivity and also for maintaining the fertility of soil.
Cropping pattern in India
Cropping pattern is a dynamic concept because it changes over space and time. It can be defined as the proportion of area under various crops at a point of time. In other words, it is a yearly sequence and spatial arrangement of sowing and fallow on a given area. In India, the cropping pattern determined by rainfall, climate, temperature, soil type and technology.
The cropping patterns in India can be presented by taking the major crops into consideration as the base crop and all other possible alternative crops. It is very important to identify crops and their showing agro-climatic condition so that they can be categorized. For example, wheat, barley and oats, are taken as one category.
Food Grains and their required agro-climatic condition
Food Grains
Agro-Climatic Condition
Rice
Temperature: 22 -32 degree Celsius
Rainfall: 150-300 cm
Soil Type: Deep clayey and loamy soil
Wheat
Temperature: 10-15 degree Celsius (Sowing time)
Temperature: 21-26 degree Celsius (Ripening & Harvesting)
Rainfall: 75-100 cm
Soil Type: Well-drained fertile loamy and clayey loamy
Millets
Temperature: 27-32 degree Celsius
Rainfall: 50-100 cm
Soil Type: They are less sensitive to soil deficiencies. They can be grown in inferior alluvial or loamy soil
Grams
Temperature: 20-25 degree Celsius (Mild cool & Dry Climate)
Rainfall: 40-45 cm
Soil Type: Loamy Soil
Sugar Cane
Temperature: 21-27 degree Celsius
Rainfall: 75-150 cm
Soil Type: Deep rich loamy soil
Cotton
Temperature: 21-30 degree Celsius
Rainfall: 50-100 cm
Soil Type: Black soil of Deccan and Malwa Plateau. However, it also grows well in alluvial soils of the Sutluj-Ganga plain and red and laterite soils of the peninsular region
Oilseeds
Temperature: 20-30 degree Celsius
Rainfall: 50-75 cm
Soil Type: Well drained light sandy loams, red, yellow and black soils are well suited for its cultivation.
Tea
Temperature: 20-30 degree Celsius
Rainfall: 150-300 cm
Soil Type: Well drained, deep friable loamy soil.
Coffee
Temperature: 15-28 degree Celsius
Rainfall: 150-250 cm
Soil Type: Well drained, deep friable loamy soil.
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