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1.the political direction and control exercised over the actions of the members, citizens, or inhabitants of communities, societies, and states; direction of the affairs of a state, community, etc.; political administration:
2.Direct democracy is where the citizens vote directly in elections. Each citizen has one vote. This type of democracy is common is class elections and other small organizational meetings. Ancient Athenians used direct democracy when they voted. They indicated their vote by using colored shards of pottery.
Indirect democracy is where citizens vote for representatives who then go on to vote on issues. This exists in the United States in the form of the people voting to send individuals to Congress. It also exists with the Electoral College, as people do not vote directly for president but for a slate of electors.
3The term Sabha denotes both the assembly (in early Rig-Vedic) and the assembly hall (Later Rig-Vedic). Women who were called Sabhavati also attended this assembly. It was basically a kin-based assembly and the practice of women attending it was stopped in later-Vedic times. RigVeda speaks of the Sabha also as a dicing and gambling assembly, along with a place for dancing, music, witchcraft, and magic. It discussed pastoral affairs and performed judicial and administrative functions and exercised judicial authority.
4.Government can be defined as the institution or institutions that possess the basic authority to rule a society. In theory, and frequently in practice, governments possess a monopoly on the use of violence. Politics describes the struggle for power that takes place within government, or in Harold Lasswell's famous phrase "who gets what, when, and where?" This course assumes that all governments seek to bolster their authority to govern by seeking legitimacy. Why? Although governments can, and do, exercise authority by the threat of armed violence, violence is an extremely expensive way to maintain power. A government can't place a policeman on every corner or rule by military might alone if it wants to be sustainable (although the long life of dictatorships often challenges this assertion). It is much easier for governments when citizens obey their authority voluntarily. To this end all governments, even nondemocratic governments, seek legitimacy in the eyes of its citizens. Legitimacy is the belief that a government is just and deserves obedience