hii what is margination explain in 200-300 words
Answers
Answer:
Migration is often defined as a move from an origin to a destination, or from a place of birth to another destination across international borders. Measures of global bilateral flows are often based on movements from a country other than a migrant’s usual residence for a period of at least a year, so that the country of destination becomes the migrant’s new country of usual residence. In developed countries, the idea of the migrant as a permanent, or at least long-term mover, is often institutionalized through flow data that admit people as immigrants as opposed to those who enter through a variety of non-immigrant or temporary migration channels.Thus, migration is often seen as a permanent move rather than a series of backward or onward movements. Studies of contemporary international migration show high rates of immigration to developed countries. For example, in 2010, the United States accepted 1.04 million persons under permanent immigrant categories while admitting 2.82 million temporary workers and their families.
Australia admitted 213,409 migrants through permanent channels in 2010-2011, while temporary entry arrivals amounted to 504,671 persons. Canada admitted 280,681 persons in its immigrant channel against 383,929 persons in non-permanent categories.
Explanation:
Migration can be defined as “a process of moving, either across an international border, or within a State and includes any kind of movement of people, it includes refugees, displaced persons, uprooted people, and economic migrants”. Migration is certainly not a recent phenomenon; on the contrary, it has been part of the human history since its very beginning. People have migrated from one continent to the other, from country to country, or internally inside the same country.
According to International Organization of Migration, there are about one billion migrants around the world. This number includes 214 million international migrants and 740 million internally displaced persons. In an increasingly interconnected and interdependent world, with improved means of transportation and communication, international migration has been growing in not only magnitude but also scope, complexity, and impact.
Today, most countries are simultaneously countries of origin, transit, and destination of migrants. Countries in both less and more developed regions face various challenges and opportunities associated with migration. Much of the growth in international migration has been regular migration, typified by the mobility of workers and their family members.
The types of migration are:-
1. Internal Migration:
Moving to a new home within a state, country, or continent.
2. External Migration:
Moving to a new home in a different state, country, or continent.
3. Emigration:
Leaving one country to move to another (e.g., the Pilgrims emigrated from England).
4. Immigration:
Moving into a new country (example, the Pilgrims immigrated to America).
5. Population Transfer:
When a government forces a large group of people out of a region, usually based on ethnicity or religion. This is also known as an involuntary or forced migration.
6. Impelled Migration (also called “Reluctant” or “Imposed” Migration):
Individuals are not forced out of their country, but leave because of unfavourable situations such as warfare, political problems, or religious persecution.
7. Step Migration:
A series of shorter, less extreme migrations from a person’s place of origin to final destination—such as moving from a farm, to a village, to a town, and finally to a city.
8. Chain Migration:
A series of migrations within a family or defined group of people. A chain migration often begins with one family member who sends money to bring other family members to the new location. Chain migration results in migration fields—the clustering of people from a specific region into certain neighbourhoods or small towns.
9. Return Migration:
The voluntary movements of immigrants back to their place of origin. This is also known as circular migration.
10. Seasonal Migration:
The process of moving for a period of time in response to labour or climate conditions (e.g., farm workers following crop harvests, or working in cities off-season).