HINDUPAT PUBLIC SCHOOL-JAMNER 2 PERIODIC - 3 (2021-22) Sub: SCIENCE Class-10th Duration: 2hr NAME: - Roll No.- 12 M.M. - 40 NOTE: - Attempt all questions. [2] [2] 1. How many structural isomers can you draw for pentane?
2. Draw the structures for the following compounds: 1. Ethanoic acid 2. Bromopentane 3. Butanone 4. Hexanal 3. What is a homologous series? Explain with an example. 4. Draw the electron dot structures for Propane, H2S, F2. 5. Why are carbon and its compound used as fuel for most applications? 6. What were the limitations of Dobereinner's classification? [2] 7. What were the limitations of Newlands' law of octaves? [2] 8. Compare and contrast the arrangement of elements in Mendeleev's Periodic Table and the Modern Periodic Table. 9. Which element has? [2] a. Two shells both of which are completely filled with electrons? [2] b. The electronic configuration of 2,8,2? C. A total of three shells with [2] [2] [2]
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1. three structural isomers
Detailed Solution
Pentane has three structural isomers that are n-pentane, Iso-pentane (methyl butane), and neopentane (dimethylpropane).
2. (i) Ethanoic acid; CCH3COOH
(ii) Bromopentane; CH 3CH 2 CH 2CH 2CH 2 Br
(iii) Butanone; CH 3COCH 2CH 3
(iii) Hexanal; CH 3 CH 2 CH 2CH 2CH 2 CHO
3. A homologous series is a series of carbon compounds that have different numbers of carbon atoms but contain the same functional group. <br> For example, methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc. are all part of the alkane homologous series. The general formula of this series is
C_(n)H_(2n)+2
. <br> Methane ,
CH_(4)
<br> Ethane
CH_(3)CH_(3)
<br> Propane ,
CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(3)
<br> Butane ,
CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)CH_(3)
<br> It can be noticed that there is a difference of
−CH_(2)
unit between each successive compound.
4. Electron dot structures or Lewis dot formula can be drawn if the molecular formula of the compound is known. it defines the nature of bond and position of atoms of the molecule which are connected in the molecule.
5. Carbon compounds give a lot of heat and light when burnt in air. Saturated hydrocarbons burn with a clean flame and no smoke is produced. The carbon compounds, used as a fuel, have high calorific values. Therefore, carbon and its compounds are used as fuels because they for most applications.
6. Some of the limitations of Dobereiner's classification were, Dobereiner could find only three triads; . i.e total of 9 elements only. The law was not holding good for elements having very high mass or very low mass. Not all groups obeyed the Law of Triads.
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