Historical Evalution of Social Policy in India
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To understand the evolution and impact of social policies in India, we must first define the often misunderstood term “social policy”. The London School of Economics very succinctly defines it as a policy ‘concerned with the ways societies across the world meet human needs for security, education, work, health and well being’. Given that the term has a very broad and elusive definition, it brings under its purview a very wide range of government policies impacting several facets of human life.
India, being a very large country has had a very haphazard record of social policy planning and implementation. It is marked with authority overlapping between the Centre and States and the discord between a wide variety of actors involved. This overlapping authority and discord have prevented India from formulating a singular set of social policies with a singular set of goals.
But this doesn’t mean that social policy in India is non-existent. Many endemic societal problems have been addressed through social policies. Before we look at specific policies it will be useful to understand the two broad types of social policies; viz., protective policies, and productive policies. Protective policies essentially give protection for, employment, income, well-being, etc. While productive policies try improving the productive capacity of the population, this includes education, training, and healthcare.
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