History, asked by saurabhbhandari33, 11 months ago

History of print media in India between 1800-1850

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Answered by tanimittal12
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During the nineteenth century the productivity of presses increased greatly, partly because of improvements in their construction and partly because of the use of steam to power them. As a result, print becomes more affordable and accessible to the working class. A typical example of this are the so-called penny prints, cheap single page prints which often commemorate important and unusual events. The example below is a humorous 19th-century penny print depicting a henpecked husband who gets a beating from his bossy wife. Such prints already existed in the previous centuries, but this one is printed with two additional spot colors.

A 19th century penny print of Jan De Wasscher

1808 – First printing in Brazil

In Spanish America printing presses are introduced fairly early, such as in Mexico (before 1540) or Peru (1584). In Brazil, which is under Portuguese reign, this happens much later. Some pamphlets were printed in the eighteenth century but the first official printing press is only installed in 1808.

1800 – Iron presses

Inspired by earlier attempts by Swiss typefounder Wilhelm Haas, Charles Stanhope, the third Earl Stanhope, builds a press which has an iron frame instead of a wooden one. It can print around 200 impressions per hour. Because this Stanhope press is also more durable and can print larger sheets, other press manufacturers soon switch to a similar type of construction.

Stanhope press

1810 – History of Printing in America

Isaiah Thomas creates the two-volume History of Printing in America which is one of the best resources on colonial printing in the United States.

1814 – First cylinder presses

Friedrich Gottlob Koenig and Andreas Friedrich Bauer build their first cylinder press, which is much faster than the existing flatbed presses. One of the first customers is John Walter of The Times. The first issue of The Times that is printed with the new presses is published in 1814. The press is installed in secret to avoid sabotage by disgruntled pressmen operating the existing Stanhope presses. The machine is capable of printing over 1100 double-sided sheets per hour. In 1817 Koenig & Bauer return to Germany and start building presses in an abandoned monastery in Würzburg. Their company is nowadays known as KBA.

Koenig double cylinder press

1816 – Columbian Press

The cast iron Columbian Press, invented by George Clymer, can produce 250 prints per hour. The Eagle mounted on top is not just a decorative element, it also serves as a counterweight.

Columbian press

1817 – Cardboard boxes

The first cardboard box packaging is produced. The Kellogg Company is the first to use it for packaging cereals in the late 19th century.

1821 – De La Rue is founded

Thomas de la Rue starts a printing company in London. In 1831 the company is allowed to produce playing cards, with postage stamps following in 1855 and banknotes in 1860. Nowadays it is the largest security printing business in the world.

1826 – Dandy roll

John Marshall invents the dandy roll which makes it much easier for paper manufacturers to add a watermark to paper.

1827 – Baedeker travel guides

Verlag Karl Baedeker is founded by Karl Baedeker. It publishes travel guides and becomes such a household name that such guides are often referred to as ‘Baedekers’. The guide below, photographed by Manfred Heyde, shows a guide from 1910.

Baedeker travel guide

That same year Rudolphe Töpffer creates the world’s first comic strip in Switzerland and the first sections of The Birds of America are published. This book by John James Audubon contains illustrations of a wide variety of birds of the United States and is considered a masterpiece of contemporary engraving and printing.

John James Audubon - The Birds of America

1829 – Braille is invented

Louis Braille publishes his Braille alphabet, a tactile reading system for the blind.

Braille

1830 – Dust jackets made of paper and sealed with wax

Expensive books are protected by a dust jacket, a removable paper wrapper. The oldest one in existence is from 1830.

1832 – Automating binding

Philip Watt invents the sewing machine, a major step forward in automating binding.

1835 – Bertelsmann

Carl Bertelsmann founds C. Bertelsmann Verlag as a German Protestant publishing house. Over time this company will become the largest printing group in Europe.

1837 – Chromolithography

In France, Godefroy Engelmann is awarded a patent on chromolithography, a method for printing in color using lithography. Chromolithographs or chromos are mainly used to reproduce paintings and scenic photographs. A reproduction of an oil painting which is printed on canvas or gets a canvas-like texture using embossing is called an oleograph. Compared to a
Answered by anjali2043
0

during the 19th century the productivity of presses increase grently partly because improvement in their construction and party because of the use of steam power them as the result print become more affordable and accessible to the working class. A tropical example of these are the so-called penny print, cheap single paige print for often commemorate important and unsual event.The example below is the humorous 19th century penny print depicing a henpecked hundred who get beating from his bossy wife .Such print already existed in the previous century but this one printed with two addition spot colour

Hope it will help u

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