Question

HISTORY

UNIT – 1

ADVENT OF EUROPEANS TO INDIA. There were trade and commerce relations between India and Europe

since ancient times. There was great demand for Indian spices like pepper,

cardamom, ginger and many other spices in Europe. The trade relations

between India, Europe and other Asian countries continued even during

the Middle Ages. The Arab merchants carried Asian merchandise into

Constantinople of Eastern Roman (Byzantium) Empire. Italian merchants

would buy these goods and then sell them in European countries.

Constantinople was thus the center of international trade and was

considered as the ‘Gateway of European Trade’. While Arab merchants

had gained monopoly over the trade in Asian countries, Italian traders

had gained monopoly over trade in Europe. The merchandise from Asia

brought good profits to Italian merchants.

The fall of Constantinople: The trade and commerce between Asia

and Europe was taking place through the city of Constantinople. In 1453,

the Ottoman Turks captured the city of Constantinople. As a result, all

the trade routes connecting the city of Constantinople came under the

control of Turks. The Turks started levying too many taxes on the goods

passing through these routes. As a result, trade became unprofitable.

Meanwhile, Spain and Portugal were attempting to break the monopoly

of Italian traders. They started encouraging enterpresing sailors to find

a new sea route to India. The invention of compass, astrolabes, and

gunpowder provided further impetus to this venture.

A new sea route to India: Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese sailor left

Lisbon and reached Kappadu near Calicut on the West coast of India in

1498. thus he was successful in discovering a new sea route to India.
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Answer 1

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Answer 2

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Explanation:

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