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Answers
The major forms of fisheries in India are as follows:
(i) Marine Fisheries:
(ii) Freshwater or Inland Fishery:
(iii) Estuarine Fisheries:
(iv) Pearl Fisheries:
In India fisheries are categorised into two.They are marine or sea fisheries and inland or fresh water fisheries.
Marine or Sea fisheries:
1. It includes coastal off-shore and deep sea fishing mainly on continental shelf upto a depth of 200 mts.
2. Kerala leads in Marine fish production.
Inland or Fresh water fisheries:
1. Rivers, lakes, canals, reservoirs, ponds tanks etc are the sources of fresh water fisheries,
2. Andhra Pradesh is leading in the fresh water fisheries.
3. About 50% of the country’s total fish production comes from inland fisheries.
Major Forms:
Indian marine fish resources show rich species diversity with about 1,570 species of finfish and about 1,000 species of shellfish. Since independence India’s progress has been dramatic in the field of marine fisheries sector.
(i) Marine Fisheries:
Accounting for about 40 per cent of the total annual production of fish and being confined to coastal waters in the west from Kachchh, Malabar coast to Coromandal coast in the east, they are spread over narrow belts of continental shelf and slope running to 5,600 km with a total fishable area of about 2,81,600 sq km.
(ii) Freshwater or Inland Fishery:
Freshwater fishery is carried on in rivers, canals, irrigation channels, tanks, ponds, lakes, etc. About 60 per cent of the country’s total fish production comes from inland fisheries. (Of late, inland fishery production has overtaken marine fishery production.) Freshwater fishery can be divided into two categories.
Such fishing is very active during winter season when floods usually subside. During rainy season fishing is poor. River fish: catla, mringal, hilsa, etc. West Bengal, Bihar and Assam are important states for riverine fishery.
(iii) Estuarine Fisheries:
This is confined to estuaries, backwaters, tidal estuaries, lagoons, inundated—areas and swamps along the entire coast, that is, important estuarine areas of the Ganga, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery, Narmada and Tapi, the brackish water lakes of Chilka and Pulicat, and the backwaters of Kerala. Prawn is an important variety.
(iv) Pearl Fisheries:
Areas are usually on the ridges or rocks or dead corals forming extensive pearl banks at a depth of 18-22 m. The distance from the shore is about 20 km. Pearls of high value area obtained from pearl-oysters. Principal centres are the Gulf of Mannar, Gulf of Kachchh and Palk Bay and around Andaman and Nicobar Islands. They are a state monopoly.
Answer:
In India fisheries are categorised into two.
They are marine or sea fisheries
and inland or fresh water fisheries.
Marine or Sea fisheries:
1. It includes coastal off-shore and deep sea fishing mainly on continental shelf upto a depth of 200 mts.
2. Kerala leads in Marine fish production. Inland or Fresh water fisheries: 1. Rivers, lakes, canals, reservoirs, ponds tanks etc are the sources of fresh water fisheries,
2. Andhra Pradesh is leading in the fresh water fisheries.
3. About 50% of the country’s total fish production comes from inland fisherie.