Hoa Hao Movement is for what????
Answers
Hoa Hao, in full Phat Giao Hoa Hao, Vietnamese Buddhist religious movement that was formed in 1939 by the Buddhist reformer Huynh Phu So. The Hoa Hao, along with the syncretic religious group Cao Dai, was one of the first groups to initiate armed hostilities against the French and later the Japanese colonialists.
Based in the prosperous Mekong River delta area of southern Vietnam, where its adherents were mostly peasants, tenants, and rural workers, the Hoa Hao grew rapidly during the Japanese occupation in World War II. After the war, it continued as an independent force in Vietnamese politics, opposing both the French colonialists and the Viet Minh nationalist movement of Ho Chi Minh. After 1954 the Hoa Hao and Cao Dai began armed opposition to the U.S.-backed government of President Ngo Dinh Diem. At the time of Diem’s death in 1963, the Hoa Hao had control of several southern and western provinces of South Vietnam.
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A twenty-year-old visionary, Huyen Phu So, founded the Hoa Hao Movement, in Hoa Hao village in 1939. A Buddhist reform movement, which developed a military wing, Hoa Hao believes itself to be a continuation of the Buu Son Ky Huong (Strange Fragrance of Precious Mountain) sect which was started in Vietnam in 1849. This continuity notwithstanding, Hoa Hao integrates its own interpretation of the Mahayana tradition with the traditional cult of the ancestors (see Mahayana Buddhism).
Hoa Hao refuses to accept the idea of an institutionalized order of monks separate from lay people. Thus, even the most dedicated of followers live in the world with their families and do not follow the monastic practice of shaving their heads. Like the Santi Asoke community of Thailand and the Won Buddhist movement in Korea there are no statues of the Buddha in Hoa Hao temples. Moreover, there are no symbols on the movement’s rectagular, brown flag.
The message of Huyen Phu So which prophesied the coming of the Japanese and the defeat of the French appealed especially to sharecroppers and small farmers from the western Mekong Delta region. Growth at the beginning was rapid, the membership allegedly reaching 100,000 by 1940 and several hundred thousand by 1945. By the mid- 1970s officials were claiming a membership of three million, no doubt an over-estimate of around two million. But a majority of the provinces of An Giang and Chau Doc were involved in the movement.
Like the Cao Dai Church (see Caodaism) the Hoa Hao movement, which eventually assumed the position of a state within a state, with its own bureaucracy, system of taxation and its own militia, frequently engaged in military action. It deployed its troops against the Communist Viet Minh who assassinated its prophet in 1947, and against all other comers including the French, the Vietnamese nationalist government and the Cao Dai.