Question

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I am back with a question:-

Explain about the carbon-based molecules, and there are different types, namely, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Explain about their monomer units and their uses. If possible their structure too....

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50 points! Go!

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Answer 1

Hi.

here is your answer.

● Carbohydrates; -

The acids insoluble pellet also has carbohydrates as another class of macromolecules.

Carbohydrates are long chain compound . They are threads containing different monosaccharides as building blocks.

The main molecules present in carbon are ;-

● Carbon

● Hydrogen

● Oxygen.

It is also known as scarb, sugar, saccharides or starch.

1 gm of carbohydrates contains 4 kcal energy
.
Potato, rice , jawar , bread are the some carbohydrates rich food.

●
$lipids$
Lipids are generally water insoluble. They could be simply fatty acids. A fatty acids has a carboxyl group attached to an R group.
Another simple lipids is glycerol and fatty acids

Glycerol which is trihydroxy propane. some lipids have phosphorus and a phosphorylated organic compounds them. This is called phospholipids. They generally found in cell membrane.

●
$protein$

Proteins are polypeptide. Each protein is a polymer of amino acids. A protein is a heteropolymer not homopolymer.

Their are 20 types of amino acids. And this amino acid are main components in protein. This protein or gained by a milk, and other dairy products. collagen is a most aboudent protein in animals world.

●
$nuclic \: acids$
The other types of macromolecules that one would in the acids insoluble fraction of any living tissue is nucleic acid.

For nucleic acids the building blocks are nucleotide. The heterocyclic compounds in nucleic acids are the nitrogenous named as

●adenine

● Guanine

● uracil.

● cytosine

● Thymine

A nucleic acid containing acid deoxyribose is called deoxyribonucleic acid.

hope it helps you ☺

Answer 2

The size and style of the cars might differ on the outside, but they have the same
structure underneath. Carbon-based molecules are similar, but they are much more
varied. There are millions of different carbon-based molecules, but they form around
only a few simple frames composed of carbon atoms.

Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. All organisms are made of four types of carbon-based molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These molecules have different structures and functions, but all are formed around carbon chains and rings.Carbohydrates
Fruits and grains are in different food groups, but they both contain large amounts of carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they include sugars and starches. Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide a source of usable chemical energy for cells.
Carbohydrates are also a major part of plant cell structure. The most basic carbohydrates are simple sugars, or monosaccharides
(mahn-uh-SAK-uh-rydz). Many simple
sugars have either five or six carbon atoms.
Fruits contain a six-carbon sugar called
fructose. Glucose, one of the sugars made by
plant cells during photosynthesis, is another
six-carbon sugar. Simple sugars can be
bonded to make larger carbohydrates. For
example, two sugars bonded together make
the disaccharide you know as table sugar,
shown in figure 3.2. Many glucose molecules
can be linked to make polysaccharides
(pahl-ee-SAK-uh-rydz), which are polymers of monosaccharides.
Starches, glycogen, and cellulose are polysaccharides. Starches and glycogen
are similar, but they differ from cellulose because their glucose monomers are
bonded together differently. Most starches are branched chains of glucose
molecules. Starches are made and stored by plants, and they can be broken
down as a source of energy by plant and animal cells. Glycogen, which is made
and stored in animals, is more highly branched than plant starches.Proteins
Proteins are the most varied of the carbon-based molecules in organisms. In
movement, eyesight, or digestion, proteins are at work. A protein is a polymer
made of monomers called amino acids. Amino acids are molecules that contain
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. Organisms use 20
different amino acids to build proteins. Your body can make 12 of the amino
acids. The others come from foods you eat, such as meat, beans, and nuts.
Look at FIGURE 3.6 to see the amino acid serine. All amino acids have similar
structures. As FIGURE 3.7 shows, each amino acid monomer has a carbon atom
that is bonded to four other parts. Three of these parts are the same in every
amino acid: a hydrogen atom, an amino group (NH2), and a carboxyl group
(COOH). Amino acids differ only in their side group, or the R-group.
Amino acids form covalent bonds, called peptide bonds, with each other.
The bonds form between the amino group of one amino acid and the car-
boxyl group of another amino acid. Through peptide bonds, amino acids are
linked into chains called polypeptides. A protein is one or more polypeptides.Lipids
Lipids are nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol. Like
carbohydrates, most lipids contain chains of carbon atoms bonded to oxygen
and hydrogen atoms. Some lipids are broken down as a source of usable
energy for cells. Other lipids are parts of a cell’s structure.
Fats and oils are two familiar types of lipids. They store large amounts of
chemical energy in organisms. Animal fats are found in foods such as meat
and butter. You know plant fats as oils, such as olive oil and peanut oil. The
structures of fats and oils are similar. They both consist of a molecule called
glycerol (glihs-uh-rawl) bonded to molecules called fatty acids. Fatty acids
are chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Two different types of
fatty acids are shown in figure 3.4.
Many lipids, both fats and oils, contain three fatty acids bonded to glycerol.