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Answer 1

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❇ Difference between the following:

✏Parenchyma

• It is found in major parts of plants.
• Cells are isodiametric in shape.
• Cell wall is thin
• It provides structural strength to soft tissues of plants.

✏Collenchyma

• It is present in the aerial parts of dicot plants.
• Cells are generally elongated.
• Cell wall is think due to deposition of extra cellulose as well as pectin in the corners.
• It provides strength and flexibility to various plant parts, like in stem and leaves.

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✏Meristematic tissue

• Cells are small, living and immature.
• They are definite shape like square, oval, etc.
• Intercellular spaces absent.
• They have thin cell wall.
• They undergo cell division.
• The nucleus is large and prominent
• They are present in growth of plant parts.
• They are found in growth regions like tip, nodes etc.

✏Permanent tissue

• Cells are large, sometimes living but often dead, and mature cells.
• They have different shapes.
• They have thin or thick cell wall.
• Intercellular spaces absent.
• They don't undergo division.
• The Vaculoes are large and nucleus is pushed to periphery.
• Helps in protection, providing support, conductor of water or sap etc.

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✏ Sclerenchyma

• On maturity, cells are dead.
• They have thickneneing of lignin on the cell walls.
• They have several unthickened areas known as pits.
• Fibres are elongated, narrow spindle shaped and have pointed tapering ends.
• They are source of natural fibres like jute,hemp etc.
• They are found in hard covering of seeds and nuts.

✏Parenchyma

• The cells are living.
• The cells have thin and elastic cell wall made up of cellulose.
• They don't have pits.
• They are meant for storage of food, provides turgidity of softer tissues.
• They are found in major parts of plants.
• They may contain chlorophyll, and known as Chlorenchyma. They also helps in floating, and known as aerenchyma.

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✏Cells of Voluntary muscles

• They have long and cylindrical cells.
• They have multiple nucleus(multinucleated).

✏Cells of Involuntary muscles

• They are elongated and spindle cells.
• They have one nucleus(Uninucleated).

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✏ Fibres of Voluntary muscles

• Light and dark bands are present.
• They are skeletal muscles.
• They can undergo strong contractions.
• Intercalated discs are absent.
• The fibres have blunt ends.
• They are present in bundles.

✏ Fibres of Cardiac muscles

• Light and dark bands are present but fainter.
• They are Involuntary in nature.
• They perform vigorous and rhythmic contractions.
• Intercalated discs are present.
• Fibres have broad ends.
• They form a network.

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Answer 2

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$\small\bullet\underline{\blue{\sf \ Parenchyma \ vs \ Collenchyma}}$

Parenchyma

≫ Parenchyma is a simple permanent tissue and are unspecialised.

≫ They are loosely packed and have lot of Interstellar spaces.

≫ Their cell walls are thin and are made up of cellulose.

≫ They are of many types of parenchyma tissue some are, Chlorenchyma,Aerenchyma etc..

≫ They are living tissue.

≫ They have various shapes like, elongated,oval,polygonal etc...

Collenchyma

≫ Collenchyma is also a simple permanent tissue but are specialised.

≫ They are tightly packed and have less intercellular spaces.

≫ They are made up of thick walls and are deposited by hemicellulose and pectin.

≫ They help the plant parts to bend without breaking.

≫ They are living tissue.

≫ Collenchyma cells are either transversed or longitudinal.

$\small\bullet\underline{\green{\sf \ Meristematic \ vs \ Permanent}}$

Meristematic tissue

➝ Cellulose walls are thin in Meristematic tissue.

➝ These tissue do have the capacity to divide.

➝ They have small sized vacuoles in the cytoplasm.

➝ Meristematic tissue contribute both in primary as well as secondary growth.

➝ They are tightly spaced and do not have intercellular tissue.

Permanent tissue

➝ They have thick cellulose walls.

➝ Permanent tissues lose the ability to divide.

➝ They have large vacuoles in the cytoplasm.

➝ They also contribute in various types of growth in plants

➝ Permanent tissues are not so tightly packed like Meristematic tissue and have intercellular spaces.

$\small\bullet\underline{\orange{\sf \ Sclerenchyma \ vs \ Parenchyma}}$

Sclerenchyma

✭ These cells are living cells.

✭ They have thin cell walls made up of cellulose.

✭ They are loosely packed and have intercellular space.

✭ These cells oval,spherical and polygonal in shape.

Parenchyma

✭ They are dead cells.

✭ They have thick walls which are coated with a chemical substance called lignin.

✭ They are tightly packed and have almost no intercellular space.

✭ These cells are long and narrow.

$\small\bullet\underline{\purple{\sf \ Involuntary \ vs \ Voluntary}}$

Involuntary

»» They don't show strips or striations.

»» They are small and spindle shaped.

»» They are uninitiated (single nucleus)

»» They help in actions that are more important and which we need not think to do(breathing)

Voluntary

»» They are also called as striated muscles and show striations when viewed on a microscope.

»» These cells are long and are cylindrical.

»» They have more than one nucleus.

»» They help in movements that we wish to do(running, jumping etc..)

$\small\bullet\underline{\red{\sf \ Involuntary \ vs \ Cardiac \ Fibres}}$

Involuntary Fibres

➢ They are striated that is they show strips when viewed under a microscope.

➢ They have blunt ends.

➢ They are also called skeletal muscles.

➢ They help in involuntary movements.

Cardiac Fibres

➢ They are striated but are fainter.

➢ They have broad ends.

➢ They help in involuntary action (beating of heat)

➢ They are branched and uninucleated (single nucleus)

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