Question

Horizons
Soil profile​

Answer 1

Answer:

$Soil Horizons$

A soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface, whose physical, chemical and biological characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath.

There are three main soil horizons called A, B and C.

Soil consists of the following horizons:

1. Horizon A or Topsoil :

It is also called the humus layer, which is rich in organic material. This layer consists of decomposed material and organic matter. This is the reason, the topsoil has a dark brown color.

2. Horizon B or Subsoil :

Just below the topsoil lies another layer called subsoil or horizon-B. It is comparatively harder and compact than topsoil. It is lighter in color than the topsoil because there is less humus in this layer.

3. Bedrock or Horizon C :

Bedrock is also known as parent rock and lies just below the subsoil. It contains no organic matter and made up of stones and rocks, so it is very hard.

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Explanation:

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Answer 2

♦ SOIL HORIZONS :

Each soil Horizon is different from the other in texture , colour , chemical composition and depth.

★ O HORIZONS ------› It is that top organic layer of the soil mostly made up of leaf litter and humus this horizon is rich in humus.

★ A HORIZONS ------› This players are also called as top soil and is found below the O horizon. Seed germinate and plant grow in this dark coloured Layer. It is made up of humus ( decomposed organic matter ) mixed with mineral particles.

Sometimes , leaching of minerals and clay content takes place in the lower part of A horizon as water drips throw this region. This process of leaching is called evaluation .

★ B HORIZONS -------› It is also called the sub soil. This layer is Beneath The A horizon and about the C horizon. It contains clay and mineral deposits like Iron and Aluminium oxide. It receives them , from layers above it , when mineralised water drips from the top soil.

★ R HORIZONS --------› This consists of the unweathered rock layer , called the Bedrock. It exist beneath all the other layers.