Hotspot in India?; Hotspot in India?
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Answer:
Biodiversity Hotspots Of India
Some of these biodiversity hotspots are present in India which includes-
1. The Western Ghats and Sri Lanka
These hills are present along the western edge of peninsular India. Since they are situated near the ocean, they are likely to receive a good amount of rainfall. Most of the deciduous, as well as rainforests, are present in this region. Around 77% of the amphibians and 62% of the reptiles found here cannot be spotted elsewhere in the world. Sri Lanka in South India is a country which is rich in species too. It is connected to India through a land bridge which has a width of nearly 140 km.
There are more than 6000 vascular plants here which belong to more than 2500 genus. 3000 plants out of these are endemic. Most of the spices found in the world such as black pepper and cardamom all are believed to have originated in the Western Ghats. Most of the species are however present in the Agasthyamalai Hills situated in extreme South. The region is also home to around 450 species of birds, 140 mammals, 260 reptiles and 175 amphibians. Such diversity is quite beautiful as well as rare but now lies on the verge of extinction. The vegetation in this region was originally spread over 190,000 square kilometres but has reduced to 43,000 square kilometres today. Only 1.5% of the original forest is still prevalent in Sri Lanka.
2. The Eastern Himalayas
This region comprises of Bhutan, Northeast India, and Southern, Central and Eastern Nepal. These Himalayan Mountains are the highest in the world and abode to some of the highest peaks of the world including Mount Everest and K2. Some of the major rivers in the world originate from the Himalayas. The Himalayas comprise of more than 100 mountains beyond 7200 meters.
There are almost 163 endangered species in this region including one-horned rhinoceros, wild Asian water buffalo and as many as 45 mammals, 50 birds, 12 amphibians, 17 reptiles, 3 invertebrate and 36 plant species. One such endangered species found here is the relict dragonfly whose only other species is found in Japan. Himalayan Newt is also present in this region. Coming to the fauna, there are 10,000 species of plants in the Himalayas a third of which are endemic and cannot be located anywhere else in the world. Some of the threatened ones include Cheer pheasant, Western Tragopan, Himalayan quail, Himalayan vulture, White-bellied heron and the like. Mammals too can be spotted here with over 300 species such as Asiatic wild dogs, sloth bears, snow leopard, black bear, blue sheep and wild water buffalo. Namadapha flying squirrel is, however, a mammal which is almost on the verge of extinction and therefore needs immediate attention.
3. Indo-Burma
This region consists of numerous countries including North-Eastern India (to the south of the Brahmaputra River), Myanmar, and China's Yunnan provinces southern part, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand. It is spread over a distance of 2 million square kilometres.
Although this region is quite rich in its biodiversity, it has been worsening over the past few decades. Six species of mammals have been discovered in this region recently including large-antlered muntjac, Annamite Muntjac, gray-shanked douc, leaf deer, saola and Annamite striped rabbit. Other species such as monkeys, langurs, and gibbons too can be found here with a population as less as a hundred. Freshwater turtle species found in the region are however endemic. 1300 species of birds too can be spotted here including the white-eared night-heron, Gray-crowned crocias, and orange necked Patridge most of which are endangered. Almost 13,500 plant species can be spotted in the region half of which are endemic and cannot be found in any other place in the world.
4. Sundaland
This region lies in South-East Asia and includes Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, and Malaysia. The Nicobar Islands represent India. These islands were declared as the world biosphere reserve in 2013 by United Nations. These islands have a rich terrestrial as well as marine ecosystem including mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs. Species such as dolphins, whales, turtles, crocodiles, fishes, prawns, lobsters and sea shells comprise the marine biodiversity. In case the marine resources are over used, it can pose a serious threat to the biodiversity.
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There are total Four biodiversity Hotspot in india.