How a black hole is created?
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the black hole is created when massive stars are collapsed in the end of their life cycle hope it will be helpful to you ☺
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A normal star is stable because the radiation pressure generated from its fusion reaction exactly cancels the gravitational force which wants to collapse the star. When the star runs out of fuel, however, this balance is lost and its core begins to shrink. Now a couple of things might happen.
If the star is about the mass of our sun, its end state will be a white dwarf. There's no more fusion, only the heavier elements remain, like oxygen, carbon, etc, cooling slowly. But it does not collapse further because of electron degeneracy pressure, caused by the fact that electrons in the atoms that remain are fermions and cannot occupy the same state. So if you push these atoms together, their electrons will climb to higher and higher energy states. This pressure can exactly balance the gravitational force for stars with masses less than around 1.4 solar masses, or the Chandrasekhar limit.
But if the star is more massive, it will continue to collapse beyond this state. It will fuse ever heavier elements. Its protons may capture its electrons producing neutrons and in the process emitting a great deal of neutrinos in a supernova. Now the star is denser and composed almost entirely of neutrons. This time held up by the neutron degeneracy pressure, which is enough as long as the mass of the star is under 2-3 solar masses, or the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit in this case.
OK. Finally, say the star is even more massive. 10 times more massive than the sun. It will get to the white dwarf stage and keep collapsing. It will become a neutron star and still it shrinks. There's nothing more to hold it up, so its density grows and grows, and eventually, it collapses to the point where all the mass of the star is contained within its Schwarzschild radius, and it becomes a black hole.
That's how stellar mass black holes are created. Supermassive black holes are created in mergers of existing stellar mass black holes.
If the star is about the mass of our sun, its end state will be a white dwarf. There's no more fusion, only the heavier elements remain, like oxygen, carbon, etc, cooling slowly. But it does not collapse further because of electron degeneracy pressure, caused by the fact that electrons in the atoms that remain are fermions and cannot occupy the same state. So if you push these atoms together, their electrons will climb to higher and higher energy states. This pressure can exactly balance the gravitational force for stars with masses less than around 1.4 solar masses, or the Chandrasekhar limit.
But if the star is more massive, it will continue to collapse beyond this state. It will fuse ever heavier elements. Its protons may capture its electrons producing neutrons and in the process emitting a great deal of neutrinos in a supernova. Now the star is denser and composed almost entirely of neutrons. This time held up by the neutron degeneracy pressure, which is enough as long as the mass of the star is under 2-3 solar masses, or the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit in this case.
OK. Finally, say the star is even more massive. 10 times more massive than the sun. It will get to the white dwarf stage and keep collapsing. It will become a neutron star and still it shrinks. There's nothing more to hold it up, so its density grows and grows, and eventually, it collapses to the point where all the mass of the star is contained within its Schwarzschild radius, and it becomes a black hole.
That's how stellar mass black holes are created. Supermassive black holes are created in mergers of existing stellar mass black holes.
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