how and why did the commercial forestry come in India? how did its implications affect the lives of Indian forest dwellers?
Answers
The impacts of the Indian Forest Act of 1865 on the lives of various people:
Most of the basic means of livelihood of the forest dwelling tribes were banned by the British. The daily practices of villagers, such as cutting wood, grazing cattle, collecting fruits and roots, and fishing, were banned and made illegal.
Forest dwelling tribes largely depended on hunting small animals like deer, rabbit and partridge for food. The British also imposed a ban on the hunting of small animals. They encouraged the sport of hunting of wild and dangerous animals like the elephant, lion and tiger, by giving rewards. If anyone was caught hunting illegally, they were severely punished for poaching. Even shifting cultivation, which had been practiced for several generations by the forest tribes, was banned.
Shifting cultivation was an agricultural system in which plots of land were cultivated temporarily, and then abandoned.
Shifting cultivation was banned by the British as the land became useless for growing timber, led to forest fires and also resulted in soil erosion. It was difficult for the British to calculate taxes. The nomadic and pastoral tribes were left with only two options - either give in and change their occupation, or take the stronger path and rebel.
While the Indian Forest Act was passed as a boon to the British, it proved to be a bane for the forest dwellers.
Commercial forestry came in India with the Britishers who needed goods to complete with the European market.
Explanation:
- The commercial forestry came in India with Britishers when they gave forest land to Europeans who cleared forests and turned into plantations like Rummer, coffee, and tea.
- The Britishers were worried about the forest, which they accepted their own after passing laws and acts.
- To control forests, Britishers ban forest dwellers in entering in it for cutting trees, herding cattle, and shifting agriculture.
- A certain pass or permission required for entering forests.
Learn More:
Why did colonial government started commercial forestry in India???
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