Question

how are anode rays produced

Answer 1

These rays are beams of particles moving in a direction opposite to the "cathode rays," which are streams of electrons which move toward theanode. Goldstein called these positiverays Kanalstrahlen, "channel rays" or "canal rays", because they wereproduced by the holes or channels in the cathode.

Answer 2

When the high voltage is applied to the tube, it ionizes the gas present in the tube. The ions produced collide with atoms of the gas, knocking electrons off of them and creating more positive ions. These ions and electrons in turn strike more atoms, creating more positive ions which are attracted to the negative cathode.These are the anode rays