Question

how are certain ideas /customs/knowledge passed on from one generation to the next?

Answer 1

Not a single word. English rarely works like that. There will be compound verbs/nouns or phrases that could express that meaning.

“inherited knowledge” is probably the closest.

“to inherit knowledge” is fine if you are looking for a verb.

Other possibilities are the noun: legacy, or verb: to leave a legacy - but these are not specifically related just to knowledge, but anything passed on to someone else from a predecessor. And the noun heritage: but again not necessarily just for knowledge but anything left by a predecessor.

Answer 2

The ideas , customs or knowledge is passed from one generation to the other generation with the help of chromosomes. The structure in the nucleus that carries the hereditary characteristics from parents to offspring is called chromosomes