How are compounds separated in column chromatography?
Answers
Column chromatography is a versatile purification method used to separate compounds in a solution. A solution mixture is carried by a solvent through a column containing an adsorbent solid, called the stationary phase. ... Compounds that interact weakly with the stationary phase are faster to exit the column, or elute.
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Column chromatography is one of the most useful methods for the separation and purification of both solids and liquids. This is a solid - liquid technique in which the stationary phase is a solid & mobile phase is a liquid. The principle of column chromatography is based on differential adsorption of substance by the adsorbent.
The usual adsorbents employed in column chromatography are silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, magnesia, starch, etc., selection of solvent is based on the nature of both the solvent and the adsorbent. The rate at which the components of a mixture are separated depends on the activity of the adsorbent and polarity of the solvent. If the activity of the adsorbent is very high and polarity of the solvent is very low, then the separation is very slow but gives a good separation. On the other hand, if the activity of adsorbent is low and polarity of the solvent is high the separation is rapid but gives only a poor separation, i.e., the components separated are not 100% pure.