How are decisions taken in Belgiumon their internal affairs?
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Answer:
Since Thursday 12 March 2020, Belgium has been in the “federal phase of crisis management”. When the National Security Council takes policy decisions, the various interministerial, interdepartmental and interregional crisis units concretise these decisions, coordinated by a Federal Coordination Committee. The following is a glimpse into and behind the scenes of the National Crisis Centre (NCCN) where many people are working hard to achieve a successful outcome.
Consultations between public health actors
Since January 2020 and the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in China, three bodies have come together to ensure that the health situation is monitored:
The Risk Assessment Group (RAG) analyses the risk to the public based on epidemiological and scientific data. The group is chaired by Sciensano and is made up of experts from Sciensano and the health authorities.
The Risk Management Group (RMG) takes measures to protect public health, based on the advice of the RAG. This group is chaired by the FPS Public Health and is made up of representatives of the health authorities, both from the federal state and the federated entities.
The Scientific Committee for Coronavirus assists the health authorities in controlling the coronavirus. The Committee provides scientific advice on the evolution of the virus and helps ensure our country is optimally prepared for the spread of this new pulmonary virus.
Answer:
"Belgium is a federal state made up of communities and regions." The first article of the Belgian constitution begins with this sentence. In other words, in Belgium, decision-making powers are not centralised but are distributed among the following entities:
• the federal state
• the three communities: the French Community, the Flemish Community and the German-speaking Community
• the three regions: the Walloon Region, the Flemish Region, and the Brussels-Capital Region
The federal level is competent in matters concerning all Belgians. It exercises these competencies throughout the country. It involves in particular foreign affairs, defence, justice, finance, social security, part of public health and home affairs. The federal government is entirely responsible for Belgium and its federated entities in respect of the international organisations it belongs to. The federal level is also competent to address any matter that does not fall specifically within the competence of the communities and the regions.
The three communities are defined along linguistic and cultural lines. The main areas of responsibility for the communities are education, culture, youth welfare, and certain aspects of health policy.
The three regions are responsible for matters related to the notion of territoriality, including, for instance, public works, agriculture, employment, land use, and the environment.
Each entity has its own legislative and executive powers. In Flanders, the regional and community authorities come together in a single government and a single parliament.
Belgium is aiming for multilateral cooperation insofar as the major challenges of the twenty-first century are no longer confined to national or regional borders, and as global responses are increasingly necessary. The Council of Europe deserves special attention in view of its historical role in promoting democracy and human rights. Moreover, the activities of multilateral organisations have a significant impact on the policies and actions of the various governments involved.
Belgium’s communities and regions have sole jurisdiction over the international aspects of the areas for which they are responsible, including as regards the conclusion of international agreements.
That is why the federated entities implement bilateral and multilateral policies at the international level. This work is done in the context of Belgium’s membership in multilateral organisations, particularly through membership in management bodies and participating in technical meetings. Moreover, the federated entities maintain close relations with these organisations.
In the context of Belgium’s membership in multilateral organisations, federated entities influence the political and strategic orientation of these institutions. Thus the positions of the federated entities are taken into account when determining the position of Belgium through COORMULTI, the interfederal consultation platform (a multilateral coordinating unit).
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