how are disorders included under substance related and addictive disorders (class 12 psychology )
Answers
Substance use disorder combines the previous DSM-IV-TR categories of “substance abuse” and “substance dependence” into a single disorder, measured on a diagnostic continuum from mild to severe. Each specific substance is addressed as a separate use disorder, such as alcohol or stimulants. Other substances include opioids, sedatives, cocaine, cannabis, amphetamines, inhalants, and nicotine.
Addiction is the continued repetition of a behavior despite adverse consequences, or a neurological impairment leading to such behaviors. Addictions can include, but are not limited to, substance abuse, exercise addiction, food addiction, sexual addiction, computer addiction and gambling. Classic hallmarks of addiction include impaired control over substances or behavior, preoccupation with substance or behavior, continued use despite consequences, and denial. Habits and patterns associated with addiction are typically characterized by immediate gratification (short-term reward), coupled with delayed deleterious effects (long-term costs).
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