How are earthquake distributed on the map1
Answers
Answer:
Distribution
Earthquakes are not randomly distributed around the earth, rather they are located in distinct zones which can be related to the margins of tectonic plates on the Earth’s surface.
Explanation:
Earthquakes predominantly occur in two places (1) near convergent plate margins and (2) at divergent plate margins.
(1) Convergent plate margins:
(a) Where two sections of the Earth’s lithosphere are colliding, with an oceanic plate beneath the other descending, subduction zones occur. The ocean (whether it be oceanic or continental) trenches and andesite volcanoes are located above subduction zones.
(b) Where two or more plates of continental composition collide, neither can be subducted and mountain-building zones occur. The Himalayas and European Alps occur along mountain-building, convergent plate margins.
Subduction zones account for the majority large and deep earthquakes (Bryant 1991, see also Fig. 6).
(2) Divergent plate margins:
Divergent plate margins occur where the lithosphere is separating, or pulling apart and new ocean floor is formed, e.g. the mid-Atlantic Ridge. Active volcanism at these margins is generally submarine, but may occur subaerially, e.g. in Iceland. Most earthquakes here are small to moderate in size and are generally shallow.
Movement of molten rock or magma in volcanoes is also generally associated with earthquakes. However, about 75 % of all earthquake energy is released as shallow tectonic earthquakes and along plate boundaries. Further, very little earthquake activity is generated beyond about 700 km below the Earth’s surface. A small but significant number of earthquake events also occur which are unassociated with either volcanism or plate boundaries, e.g. on the Australian continent, which has generally been considered to be aseismic.
Explanation:
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