how are gills and lungs related??
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Gills are evaginations of the body surface. Some open directly to the environment; others, as in fishes, are enclosed in a cavity. In contrast, lungs represent invaginations of the body surface. Many invertebrates use gills as a major means of gas exchange; a few, such as the pulmonate land snail, use lungs.
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Gases diffuse between water and capillaries in gills, which are immersed in the flow of water. In contrast, diffusion of gases between inhaled air entering the lungs and capillaries occurs within the lungs.
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