Question

How are guard cells different from other epidermal cells?

Answer 1

Guard cells are specified cells those surround each stomata and are found abundantly in the epidermis of leaves and other structure like stem which are associated with gas exchange. These cells are found in pairs and have a space between two adjacent guard cells commonly known as stomata pore.

Epidermal cells are outer (most) layer that surrounds leaves, or almost everything in plants (like skin in animals). Guard cells are subset of epidermal cells. They are different from epidermal cells in shape, size and function

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Answer 2

Guard cells are specialized cells in the epidermis of leaves, stems and other organs that are used to control gas exchange. They are produced in pairs with a gap between them that forms a stomatal pore. The stomatal pores are largest when water is freely available and the guard cells turgid, and closed when water availability is critically low and the guard cells become flaccid. Photosynthesis depends on the diffusion of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air through the stomata into the mesophyll tissues. Oxygen(O2), produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis, exits the plant via the stomata. When the stomata are open, water is lost by evaporation and must be replaced via the transpiration stream, with water taken up by the roots. Plants must balance the amount of CO2 absorbed from the air with the water loss through the stomatal pores, and this is achieved by both active and passive control of guard cell turgor and stomatal pore size.