How are hurricanes formed? What damage do they cause?
Answers
Hurricanes begin as atmospheric disturbances over the tropical waters due west of Africa near the Cape Verde islands. Typically, when sea-surface temperatures are above 26.5 C, water vapour from the ocean condenses and releases heat, which rises and generates an inward movement of air. The air begins to spiral toward the centre of the disturbance, which graduates to a tropical depression and then a tropical storm. As long as winds in the upper atmosphere do not produce a shear force to disrupt the system, it can increase in height and breadth until it reaches hurricane status, gaining strength as it moves westward toward the Caribbean and picking up energy from the warm Atlantic waters.
Hurricanes can cause damage in one of three main ways: wind, rain and storm surge. Because they produce eye-popping wind-speed figures, and are most often measured that way, whipping winds are perhaps the most common risk associated with hurricanes. But Hurricane Harvey, which devastated Houston and environs in late August, actually did its damage by hovering over the city and unloading trillions of gallons of rainwater on it. In 2012, Hurricane Sandy had weakened to a post-tropical cyclone by the time it hit New York State and New Jersey
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