how are ions formed explain pls
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When electrons of the outermost shell of an element is donated or accepted the equivalent charge on the element is called ions, i.e. no. of electrons increases then anion and decrease in electrons then cation.
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Ions are electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons. They have the same electronic structures as noble gases.
Metal atoms form positive ions, while non-metal atoms form negative ions. The strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions are called ionic bonds.
Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.
How ions form
Ions are electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons. This loss or gain leaves a complete highest energy level, so the electronic structure of an ion is the same as that of a noble gas - such as a helium, neon or argon.
Metal atoms and non-metal atoms go in opposite directions when they ionise:
Metal atoms lose the electron, or electrons, in their highest energy level and become positively charged ions.
Non-metal atoms gain an electron, or electrons, from another atom to become negatively charged ions.
Positively charged sodium and aluminium ions
Negatively charged oxide and chloride ions
How many charges?
There is a quick way to work out what the charge on an ion should be:
the number of charges on an ion formed by a metal is equal to the group number of the metal
the number of charges on an ion formed by a non-metal is equal to the group number minus eight
hydrogen forms H+ ions
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 0
Example element Na Mg Al C N O Cl He
Charge 1+ 2+ 3+ Note 1 3- 2- 1- Note 2
Symbol of ion Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Note 1 N3- O2- Cl- Note 2
Note 1: carbon and silicon in Group 4 usually form covalent bonds by sharing electrons.
Note 2: the elements in Group 0 do not react with other elements to form ions.
Metal atoms form positive ions, while non-metal atoms form negative ions. The strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions are called ionic bonds.
Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.
How ions form
Ions are electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons. This loss or gain leaves a complete highest energy level, so the electronic structure of an ion is the same as that of a noble gas - such as a helium, neon or argon.
Metal atoms and non-metal atoms go in opposite directions when they ionise:
Metal atoms lose the electron, or electrons, in their highest energy level and become positively charged ions.
Non-metal atoms gain an electron, or electrons, from another atom to become negatively charged ions.
Positively charged sodium and aluminium ions
Negatively charged oxide and chloride ions
How many charges?
There is a quick way to work out what the charge on an ion should be:
the number of charges on an ion formed by a metal is equal to the group number of the metal
the number of charges on an ion formed by a non-metal is equal to the group number minus eight
hydrogen forms H+ ions
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 0
Example element Na Mg Al C N O Cl He
Charge 1+ 2+ 3+ Note 1 3- 2- 1- Note 2
Symbol of ion Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Note 1 N3- O2- Cl- Note 2
Note 1: carbon and silicon in Group 4 usually form covalent bonds by sharing electrons.
Note 2: the elements in Group 0 do not react with other elements to form ions.
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