Question

how are medicines prepared from microorganisms discuss in detail

Answer 1

Vaccine Production-
Vaccine production uses bacterial or viral antigen which may be either killed or living but attenuated. A vaccine is a mixture of dead or weakened pathogens which induces the formation of antibodies against this pathogen.

Insulin-
Recombinant insulin is produced either in yeast or E. coli. In yeast, insulin may be engineered as a single-chain protein. A chemically synthesized c-terminal tail is then grafted onto insulin by reverse proteolysis using the inexpensive protease trypsin; typically the lysine on the c-terminal tail is protected with a chemical protecting group to prevent proteolysis

Antibiotics-
Antibiotics are the preparations which kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. In 1928, Alexander Fleming first identified a mold growing in one of his unwashed culture plates where other bacteria could not grow. He observed the presence of Penicillium chrosgenum prevented and killed the other microorganisms.

Answer 2

By vacuum production