Question

how are pesticides major factor for soil and water pollution

Answer 1

Pesticides are the chemicals which change the nature of soil and turn it into more acidic or more basic. Thus, being a major factor of soil and water pollution.
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Answer 2

Excessive use of pesticides can degrade soil quality and its fertility. When rain comes it wash away soil and it gets mixed in to water. This soil may be contained high amount of pesticides which mix with water and can degrade it taste and quality or cause harm to aquatic animals. Please comment on this answer hope this will help you