how are sodic soils reclaimed?
Answers
Sodic soil reclamation generally involves the application and incorporation of gypsum into the soil followed by leaching.
Answer:
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Explanation:
Sodic soil reclamation generally involves the application and incorporation of gypsum into the soil followed by leaching. The rate of reclamation depends on the water intake rate. This rate can become very slow due to inadequate electrolyte concentration in the soil solution to counteract the effects of exchangeable sodium on aggregate stability, clay swelling, and dispersion. Use of successive dilutions of concentrated salt solutions, the high-salt dilution method, has been shown to increase infiltration rates of a sodic soil and to provide sufficient divalent cations for its reclamation. The water requirement for the high-salt dilution method can be reduced to about 1.7 cm of water per cm of soil. The high-salt dilution technique should be considered in irrigated areas with saline drainage waters or in areas close to saline inland lakes and ocean estuaries.
The infiltration rates of gypsiferous, sodic soils are generally sufficient to assure successful reclamation with low electrolyte irrigation waters. Sufficiently high electrolyte concentrations of the soil solution are assured because of the presence of gypsum throughout the soil mass. The water requirement for reclamation of gypsiferous sodic soils is about the same as that to reclaim saline, clay loam soils using continuous ponding, or about 1.5 cm of water per cm of soil. This suggests that rapid reclamation of sodic soils that do not contain gypsum may be possible if adequate gypsum incorporation and mixing is possible using deep tillage techniques. The costs for the amendment and tillage would be high, but the profitability over the long run may be higher than slow reclamation methods based on shallow incorporation of annual gypsum applications.