how are the different foreign influences reflected in the history of the Philippine literature up until now?
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Answer:
Spanish colonialism, and later, the long-term presence of Americans, inspired Filipino literature. During the Spanish occupation of the Philippines, Filipinos began to write "long poetry," which combined nativism and Catholicism. The Church, which controlled the printing presses until the 1800s, promoted this. Printing began to supplant oral traditions.
During this period, native Filipinos developed a literary style based on Spanish ballads known as komedya or mora mora. This genre of literature focused on Christianity and its eventual conquest of Muslims. Then came narrative poems and a wide spectrum of books. Some works exalted Filipino identity, but others, less subtly, equated Spanish colonization with oppression.
The foundation of the American impact on literature was the introduction of free public schools and English as a lingua franca, a language that everyone could speak. Education increased the likelihood of upward mobility and allowed Filipinos to climb the socioeconomic ladder. At this point, Filipino literature began to resemble American literature.
Poems were written in verse, while fiction was produced in the vein of Ernest Hemmingway and other American novelists. As Filipinos found their voice in a foreign language, the merging of English writing with Filipino ideas eventually took over.
Later, as Filipinos began to see Americans through the same lens of imperialism that they had to bear under the Spanish, the writing grew increasingly rebellious. During the American Era, native languages such as Tagalog were increasingly utilized in plays and other types of writing, aiding in the preservation of language traditions.
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