Question

How are the lungs designed in human beings to maximize the area of exchange of gases?​

Answer 1

Human lungs has specialized structures which helps in exchange of gases.

As air (oxygen) passes from nostrils to the trachea,the air passage goes on to become tiny. The passage finally terminates into a balloon like structure called alveoli. This alveoli is richly supplied bed blood vessel on its outer walls.The oxygen present in the balloon like alveolar enters the blood vessel where deoxygenated blood is flowing. from the blood vessel carbon dioxide moves to alveoli and O2 moves to the blood vessel.Hence oxygenated blood is transported to all parts of the body and this process repeats and CO2 is thrown out of the body via our nose.

Answer 2

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How are the lungs designed in human beings to maximize the area of exchange of gases?

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Within the lungs bronchus divides into smaller and smaller tubes (bronchioles) and finally terminate in balloon-like structures called alveoli. The alveoli are made up of thin moist membranes which are richly supplied with blood and provide a very large surface area for the gaseous exchange.

*Note - If the alveolar surface may spread out, it would cover about 80 m² area.