Question

how are the methods of ordinary individual different from those of scientist?​

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

Until the past decade, scientists, research institutions, and government agencies relied solely on a system of self-regulation based on shared ethical principles and generally accepted research practices to ensure integrity in the research process. Among the very basic principles that guide scientists, as well as many other scholars, are those expressed as respect for the integrity of knowledge, collegiality, honesty, objectivity, and openness. These principles are at work in the fundamental elements of the scientific method, such as formulating a hypothesis, designing an experiment to test the hypothesis, and collecting and interpreting data. In addition, more particular principles characteristic of specific scientific disciplines influence the methods of observation; the acquisition, storage, management, and sharing of data; the communication of scientific knowledge and information; and the training of younger scientists.1 How these principles are applied varies considerably among the several scientific disciplines, different research organizations, and individual investigators.

The basic and particular principles that guide scientific research practices exist primarily in an unwritten code of ethics. Although some have proposed that these principles should be written down and formalized,2 the principles and traditions of science are, for the most part, conveyed to successive generations of scientists through example, discussion, and informal education. As was pointed out in an early Academy report on responsible conduct of research in the

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Suggested Citation:"2 SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES AND RESEARCH PRACTICES." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 1992. Responsible Science: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process: Volume I. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1864.×

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health sciences, “a variety of informal and formal practices and procedures currently exist in the academic research environment to assure and maintain the high quality of research conduct”

Answer 2

Answer:

Scientists think exactly, accurately and precisely, but ordinary people do not. The difference is in the scale, not in the weighing. In the scientific method, the hypothesis is rigorously tested and  scientists pay more attention to the study of the subject in question.

Explanation:

• The method of scientific research is not much different from the method used by the general public. The average person makes a hypothesis with simple reasoning.
• Hypotheses made by scientists are tested through thorough investigation and careful observation of the facts. For example, if you steal a teapot and  spoon, the general public will look at the circumstantial evidence and conclude that someone has entered the room and stole the teapot and spoon.
• But scientists think  the problem more thoroughly and accurately without making mistakes.
• Inductive reasoning is a generalization based on individual cases. In the method of deductive discussion, hypotheses are taken up and tested by various examples.

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