Question

How are the tissues defined morphologically and physiologically?

Answer 1

This subject follows Cell Biology. In the first part, there are anatomy and histology of the human body, both general and detailed composition of individual organs. The undergraduate also becomes familiar with the functions of cells and tissues, and with the functions of main organ systems.
MorphologyCytology and general histologydefinition, status among the biological sciencesits importance in teaching and research in pharmaceutical professionscell structures and their functionstypes of intercellular junctiontypes of tissues and their originsgeneral anatomical nomenclature, topographical relations within the bodyOsteology, myologynomenclaturethe skeletal system, articulationsthe muscular systemHeart, angiologystructure and location of the heartoverview of the organisation of the vascular and lymphatic systemsorgans of formation and obstruction of haematological particles (organs RES)The respiratory system, its organisation and locationnosepharynx, larynxtrachea, bronchilungsThe digestive system, its organisation and locationmouth, oesophagusstomachsmall intestinelarge intestinepancreas, gallbladderThe urinary system, its organisation and locationkidneyureters, urinary bladderurethraThe reproductive systemsmale reproductive systemfemale reproductivesystemembryonic developmentEndocrine glandhypophysisthyroid glandparathyroid glandspancreasadrenal glandspineal glandthymus glandNervous systembrainspinal cordspinal and cranial nervessensory and motor pathwaysthe autonomic nervous systemthe general and special sensesPhysiologyIntroduction to fysiologydefinitionits importance in teaching and research in pharmaceutical professionsGeneral physiology, blood, lymph, RESgeneral problems of homeostasisphysiological experimentsexperimental animalsfunctions and characteristics of bloodcomponents of blood (plasma, formed elements)coagulation, fibrinolysisblood grouping (ABO, Rh)lymph, RESThe cardiovascular systemcardiac cycleblood flow, blood pressurecardiac output (frequency, contractility ...)pacemaker and conduction systemelectrocardiographycontrol of cardiovascular systemlymphatic system, imunity´The respiratory systempulmonary ventilation (inspiration, exspiration)pulmonary aír volumes and capacitiesexchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, their transportcontrol of respirationThe digestive systemphysiology of the digestion in the mouth, oesophagusdigestion in the stomach (mechanical, chemical), its regulationdigestion in the small and large íntestine, absorptionfaeces, defecationliver and gallbladder, bilepancreas, pancreatic juiceMetabolisms, muscular systemcarbohydrate, lipid, protein metabolismKrebs cycle, enzymes of Krebs cyclecoupling of anabolism and catabolism by ATPbasal metabolismbody heat (production, measuring, loss)minerals, watervitaminscontraction of muscle - role of contraction proteins, of calcium, regulator proteins,ATP, phosphagen, lactic acid etc.isometric and isotonic contractionsThe reproductive systems, pregnancymale reproduetive system, hormonal regulationfemale reproductive system, phases of female reproductive cycle, hormonalregulationphysiology of reproduction and ageingsexual actpregnancy: embryonic development, hormones of pregnancy, gestationparturition and laborlactationThe urinary systemglomerular filtrationtubular reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubulethe loop of Henle - its purposetubular reabsorption and secretion in distal convoluted tubuleevaluation of kidney functionurine, its volume and compositionfunction of urethers, urinary bladder, urethraThe endocrine systemcomparison of nervous and endocrine systemsmechanism of hormonal actioncirculating and local hormoneshypothalamus and pituitary gland (hypophysis), anterior and posterior pituitary glandthyroid glandparathyroid glandsadrenal (suprarenal) glandspancreasovaries and testespineal glandthymus glandother endocrine tissueseicosanoids, growth factors, stress and the general adaptation syndromePhysiology of nervous systémgeneral neurophysiologyregeneratíon of the nervous tissuethe general and the special sensesthe spinal cordthe brainthe cranial and spinal nervesphysiology of sensory pathwaysphysiology of motoric pathwaysphysiology of the autonomic nervous systemPractical training

In these lessons, the studied matterial is completed and exercised by active participation of students. The students have the opportunity of observing tissue micro preparations, macromodels of organs, etc., they carry out the dissection of laboratory animals. The student independently carry out some experiments, such as determination of blood values, observation of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation in animals, preparation and visitation of urinal sediment, evaluation of blood pressure, taking of ECG, measurement of vital lung capacity, evaluation of simple nerve reflexes, investigation of colour blindness etc.

Answer 2

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MorphologyCytology and general histologydefinition, status among the biological sciencesits importance in teaching and research in pharmaceutical professionscell structures and their functionstypes of intercellular junctiontypes of tissues and their originsgeneral anatomical nomenclature, topographical relations within the bodyOsteology, myologynomenclaturethe skeletal system, articulationsthe muscular systemHeart, angiologystructure and location of the heartoverview of the organisation of the vascular and lymphatic systemsorgans of formation and obstruction of haematological particles (organs RES)The respiratory system, its organisation and locationnosepharynx, larynxtrachea, bronchilungsThe digestive system, its organisation and locationmouth, oesophagusstomachsmall intestinelarge intestinepancreas, gallbladderThe urinary system, its organisation and locationkidneyureters, urinary bladderurethraThe reproductive systemsmale reproductive systemfemale reproductivesystemembryonic developmentEndocrine glandhypophysisthyroid glandparathyroid glandspancreasadrenal glandspineal glandthymus glandNervous systembrainspinal cordspinal and cranial nervessensory and motor pathwaysthe autonomic nervous systemthe general and special sensesPhysiologyIntroduction to fysiologydefinitionits importance in teaching and research in pharmaceutical professionsGeneral physiology, blood, lymph, RESgeneral problems of homeostasisphysiological experimentsexperimental animalsfunctions and characteristics of bloodcomponents of blood (plasma, formed elements)coagulation, fibrinolysisblood grouping (ABO, Rh)lymph, RESThe cardiovascular systemcardiac cycleblood flow, blood pressurecardiac output (frequency, contractility ...)pacemaker and conduction systemelectrocardiographycontrol of cardiovascular systemlymphatic system, imunity´The respiratory systempulmonary ventilation (inspiration, exspiration)pulmonary aír volumes and capacitiesexchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, their transportcontrol of respirationThe digestive systemphysiology of the digestion in the mouth, oesophagusdigestion in the stomach (mechanical, chemical), its regulationdigestion in the small and large íntestine, absorptionfaeces, defecationliver and gallbladder, bilepancreas, pancreatic juiceMetabolisms, muscular systemcarbohydrate, lipid, protein metabolismKrebs cycle, enzymes of Krebs cyclecoupling of anabolism and catabolism by ATPbasal metabolismbody heat (production, measuring, loss)minerals, watervitaminscontraction of muscle - role of contraction proteins, of calcium, regulator proteins,ATP, phosphagen, lactic acid etc.isometric and isotonic contractionsThe reproductive systems, pregnancymale reproduetive system, hormonal regulationfemale reproductive system, phases of female reproductive cycle, hormonalregulationphysiology of reproduction and ageingsexual actpregnancy: embryonic development, hormones of pregnancy, gestationparturition and laborlactationThe urinary systemglomerular filtrationtubular reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubulethe loop of Henle - its purposetubular reabsorption and secretion in distal convoluted tubuleevaluation of kidney functionurine, its volume and compositionfunction of urethers, urinary bladder, urethraThe endocrine systemcomparison of nervous and endocrine systemsmechanism of hormonal actioncirculating and local hormoneshypothalamus and pituitary gland (hypophysis), anterior and posterior pituitary glandthyroid glandparathyroid glandsadrenal (suprarenal) glandspancreasovaries and testespineal glandthymus glandother endocrine tissueseicosanoids, growth factors, stress and the general adaptation syndromePhysiology of nervous systémgeneral neurophysiologyregeneratíon of the nervous tissuethe general and the special sensesthe spinal cordthe brainthe cranial and spinal nervesphysiology of sensory pathwaysphysiology of motoric pathwaysphysiology of the autonomic nervous systemPractical trainingIn these lessons, the studied matterial is completed and exercised by active participation of students. The students have the opportunity of observing tissue micro preparations, macromodels of organs, etc., they carry out the dissection of laboratory animals. The student independently carry out some experiments, such as determination of blood values, observation of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation in animals, preparation and visitation of urinal sediment, evaluation of blood pressure, taking of ECG, measurement of vital lung capacity, evaluation of simple nerve reflexes, investigation of colour blindness etc.

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