How are women exploited in the unorganized sector
Answers
Answer:
The term ‘unorganized labor' stands for scattered and fragmented workforces working individually sometimes loosely associated, in various occupations. Unorganized labor is not formally cohesive in any recognized association and union with defined ideology, goals, and areas of specialization.
In India, women constitute nearly half of the total population and they play a vital role in the domestic sphere, in the rural field and also in an urban economy. Yet, their economic status is still low as it reflects from the census data, particularly of those who are engaged in the informal sector of the urban economy. In many- a –case, they are at a disadvantage as their work is in people’s private homes, outside the arena of labor inspectors.
Unorganized sector always plays a vital role in terms of providing employment opportunities to a large segment of the workforce in India. Near about 92% of the total employment in the Indian economy during the period 1999-2000 was accounted for by the unorganized/informal sector.
A large number of women from rural areas migrate to cities and towns all over India to work in Unorganized Sector. Most of these women and girls are illiterate and unskilled. They work in inhumane conditions in cities as their living standard is extremely poor. It is a recognized fact that there is still no society in the world in which Women in Unorganized Sector enjoy the same opportunities as men.
According to the 2001 census, about 96% of Women in Unorganized Sector in India.
Problems faced by Women in Unorganized Sector:
Lack of education: Illiteracy is the biggest problem because they do not get time to educate themselves. In childhood, they have to start working early which do not allow them to go to school.
Insufficient skill & knowledge: Majority of female do not have proper training and skills aligned to their task. This results in excessive stress and inefficient working.
The exploitation of female labor: the Female worker is more vulnerable to exploitation by the employer. They can be easily threatened with their job for indecent favors. They are also subjected to severe forms of sexual harassment in the workplace.
Insecure job: Absence of strong legislation controlling the unorganized sector makes the job highly insecure in this sector.
The non-sympathetic attitude of employer: Temporary nature of employment in this sector does not allow the bond between the employee and employer to establish and become strong.
Extreme work pressure: Female are overworked; they work twice as many hours as worked by their male counterpart. In the agriculture sector, the condition is the worst. When measured in terms of the number of tasks performed and the total time spent, it is greater than men as per one study in the Himalayas which found that on a one-hectare farm, a pair of bullocks’ works 1064 hours, a man 1212 hours and a woman 3485 hours in a year.
Irregular wages payment: There is a lack of controlled processes in the unorganized sector which results in an untimely payment of wages to the workers. When it comes to payment to female, it is even worst.
Wage discrimination: Female do not get similar payment to the male for the same work.
The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 safeguards the interests of workers by providing fixation of minimum wages mainly focusing on the unorganized sector and in specified occupations (called scheduled employments) (Section 2 g). The act binds the employers to pay their workers the minimum wages fixed under the Act from time to time (Section 12). Owing to their jurisdiction the Central and the State Governments fix, revise, review and enforce the payment of minimum wages without any discrimination of gender
Answer:
BECAUSE WOMEN ARE NOT HAVE FREEDOM FOR HER VOICE SO IN UNORGANISE SECTOR THE WOMEN EXPLOITED FOR OTHERS
Explanation: