How ATP is formed without mitochondria?
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Answer:
Without mitochondria, present-day animal cells would be dependent on anaerobic glycolysis for all of their ATP. When glucose is converted to pyruvate by glycolysis, only a very small fraction of the total free energy potentially available from the glucose is released.
Mitochondria make up a large amount of the cytoplasmic volume in eucaryotic cells, and they've played a crucial role in the evolution of sophisticated creatures. Animal cells today would be completely reliant on anaerobic glycolysis for all of their ATP if they didn't have mitochondria.
Only a small portion of the total free energy available from glucose is released when it is transformed to pyruvate by glycolysis. Sugar metabolism is finished in mitochondria: pyruvate is transported into the mitochondrion and oxidised by O2 to CO2 and H2O. This provides for a 15-fold increase in ATP production over glycolysis alone.