Question

How bacterias can survive in extreme environmental conditions?

Answer 1

hey mate!! here is ur answer.....

Bacteria have some amazing survival mechanisms incorporated into their genome. They produce a diverse group of enzymes and proteins which help them overcome the adversity. They produce both "Heat Shock" and "Cold Shock" proteins which protect the bacterial cell from extreme heat and cold respectively. Bacteria also toughen up the cell wall so that the membrane covering the important cellular mechanisms does not lose its integrity. During cases of extreme osmotic conditions, the bacterial cells produce a group of proteins called as "osmotic compatible solutes". These proteins are secreted to the external environment instead of valuable ions so that cell does not lose its functions.

 Most importantly, the bacterial cells have amazing DNA repair mechanisms so that the integrity of the genome is not lost. One has to remember that the genomic DNA is extremely valuable for the bacterial cell. If this is even slightly off balance, the cell will be susceptible to death. Therefore the DNA repair mechanisms are so advanced that even if the DNA is damaged by heat, extreme osmotic conditions, chemicals, antibiotics, the bacteria has the ability to repair it quickly with very low changes in overall composition. As Annabelle Smyth has mentioned, some bacteria like Bacillus, Clostridium etc; have the capability to form spores under adverse conditions which would help the species survive by regenerating when there are favorable conditions. Hope this helps.

Answer 2

They make ahard layer and in extreme condition they go under that layer and protect themselves